Waves

• What are the basics of waves discussed in the video?

  Labeling parts, calculating wave speed, types
• What do waves transfer from one place to another?

  Energy
• What happens when light waves pass from a phone screen to your eye?

  Only energy is transferred
• How does our brain interpret energy from waves?

  It builds images and tunes
• What is the distance in a displacement-distance graph?

  How far the wave has traveled
• What is the maximum displacement of a wave called?

  Amplitude
• What is the wavelength of a wave?

  Distance of one entire oscillation
• What is the opposite of the crest in a wave?

  Trough
• What does a displacement-time graph show?

  Time on the x-axis instead of distance
• What is the time period of a wave?

  Time for one complete oscillation
• How do you calculate frequency from the time period?

  Frequency = 1 / time period
• How do you calculate wave speed?

  Wave speed = wavelength × frequency
• What are transverse waves?

  Oscillations are perpendicular to energy transfer
• How do longitudinal waves oscillate?

  Oscillations are parallel to energy transfer
• What are the key differences between transverse and longitudinal waves?

  • Transverse waves: oscillations perpendicular to energy transfer
  • Longitudinal waves: oscillations parallel to energy transfer
  • Examples:
  • Transverse: light waves, water waves
  • Longitudinal: sound waves, seismic p waves
• What are the two types of reflection discussed?

  Specular and diffuse reflection
• What happens when a wave arrives at a boundary?

  It can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected
• What occurs when a wave is absorbed by a material?

  Energy is transferred to the material's energy stores
• What does it mean for a wave to be transmitted?

  The wave enters the material and continues traveling
• What leads to refraction when a wave is transmitted?

  The wave passes out the other side of the material
• What is the rule regarding angles in reflection?

  The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection
• How do you start drawing a ray diagram?

  Begin with the boundary between two materials
• What does the normal line represent in a ray diagram?

  A dashed line perpendicular to the surface
• How do you measure the angle of incidence?

  Measure the angle between the incoming ray and the normal
• What is the point where the incoming ray touches the boundary called?

  The point of incidence
• What characterizes specular reflection?

  All incoming light rays are reflected in the same direction
• What type of surface causes diffuse reflection?

  A relatively rough surface
• Why can't you see your reflection in paper?

  Because it undergoes diffuse reflection
• How do normals behave on a rough surface?

  Normals point in different directions
• What is the relationship between angle of incidence and angle of reflection in rough materials?

  They are always equal, despite surface roughness
• What is the phenomenon when light waves change direction as they pass from one medium to another?

  Refraction
• What happens to light waves when they travel from air into glass?

  They slow down and change direction
• What do you need to know to understand refraction?

  Waves travel at different speeds in materials
• Why do waves travel at different speeds in different mediums?

  Different mediums have different densities
• How does the density of a material affect wave speed?

  Higher density means slower wave speed
• What happens to a wave when it travels from a less dense medium to a more dense medium?

  It slows down and bends towards the normal
• What is the normal line in the context of refraction?

  A dashed line perpendicular to the surface
• What occurs when a wave hits the boundary at an angle?

  It is refracted and changes direction
• What do we call the ray that enters a more dense medium?

  Incident ray
• What is the first step in drawing a ray diagram for refraction?

  Draw the normal at the point of incidence