Human rights

• What do some countries advocate for in international forums?

  Human rights
• How does the UK position itself regarding human rights?

  As a world leader in defending human rights
• What actions has the UK government criticized regarding human rights?

  Chinese censorship laws in Hong Kong
• What law did the UK pass in 2020 regarding human rights?

  Global Human Rights Sanctions Regulations
• What was the G7's stance on Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022?

  They condemned it as illegal and unjustifiable
• What is the G7?

  • Group of seven countries
  • Accounts for over 50% of global net wealth
  • Aims to solve global problems
• Why do some countries prioritize economic development over human rights?

  To meet citizens' basic needs first
• How do some countries justify prioritizing economic development?

  By linking human rights to human development
• What has threatened human rights in India according to the study?

  Exploitation of natural resources
• What has been a consequence of coal mining in Chhattisgarh, India?

  Eviction of indigenous communities
• What do some community members in India accuse the police of?

  Mistreatment during protests
• Why is coal significant to India's economy?

  It's the world's second biggest consumer of coal
• What do government ministers in India argue about coal mining?

  It will bring wealth and development
• How have some superpowers transitioned in recent years?

  From totalitarian regimes to democracies
• What varies even among democracies regarding human rights?

  Ease of exercising rights
• What does freedom of speech allow people to do?

  Share and exchange ideas freely
• How do less democratic countries handle freedom of speech?

  By censoring some information
• What characterizes closed autocracies?

  • No elections for head of state
  • Complete government control
• What characterizes electoral autocracies?

  • Elections held for head of state
  • Limited political freedoms
• What defines an authoritarian system?

  Centralized power with complete control
• Who has ruled China since 1949?

  The Chinese Communist Party
• How did Chairman Mao use his power in China?

  To carry out huge social and economic changes
• How does China differ from democratic countries like Germany?

  China has limited freedom of speech
• What are the differences between China and Germany regarding elections?

  • China: Elections for high-ranking officials only
  • Germany: Universal voting for parliament
• How does the Chinese government restrict freedom of speech?

  Through the 'great firewall' and censorship
• What has international bodies criticized China for?

  Treatment of ethnic and religious minorities
• How does Germany protect human rights?

  Through constitutional protections
• What is corruption?

  Misuse of power for personal interests
• What does the Global Corruption Index measure?

  Risk of corruption in a country
• How does corruption threaten human rights?

  By allowing illegal activities without consequences
• What can corruption lead to in terms of law enforcement?

  Infringement of others' rights
• How long has Afghanistan been involved in conflict?

  Around 40 years
• What was the situation in Afghanistan between 1996 and 2001?

  A large proportion was controlled by the Taliban
• What does the Taliban enforce regarding women's rights?

  Very strict rules about women's activities
• What are some restrictions women face under Taliban rule?

  Limited access to education and government positions
• What happened to the Taliban regime in 2001?

  It collapsed after a US-led intervention
• How did women's rights change after the Taliban's removal?

  Some progress was made in improving rights
• How many girls were attending school in Afghanistan by 2012?

  Almost 3.2 million girls
• What challenges did girls still face in education after 2001?

  Many dropped out before completing education
• What significant event occurred in August 2021 in Afghanistan?

  The Taliban seized control of several cities