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Cards (40)
What are bone cells found in?
Bone tissue
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What is the role of osteocytes?
Maintain
bone tissue
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How do osteocytes respond to changes in pressure?
They monitor changes
affecting
bones
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What signals do osteocytes send to other bone cells?
Signals to
osteoblasts
and
osteoclasts
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What do osteoblasts do?
Form new
bone
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What happens to osteoblasts after they complete their function?
They differentiate into
osteocytes
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What is the function of osteoclasts?
Break down
bone tissue
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Why do osteoclasts break down bone tissue?
To make space for
osteoblasts
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What is necessary for bone health?
A balance between
osteoblasts
and
osteoclasts
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When are osteoblasts more active?
When
bones
are growing
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What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system?
Movement: Allows
body
movement
and muscle attachment
Support: Keeps body upright and provides framework
Protection: Shields internal organs
Production of blood cells: Produces blood cells in
marrow
Mineral storage: Stores minerals like calcium and
iron
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How many types of bones are there in the human body?
Five
types
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What are the five types of bones?
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Sesamoid bones
Irregular bones
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What characterizes long bones?
Mostly
compacted bones
with little
marrow
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What is the function of short bones?
Support
weight
and help movement
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What is the structure of flat bones?
Two outer layers of
compact bone
and
spongy bone
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What is the role of sesamoid bones?
Protect
tendons
from
wear
and
stress
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What defines irregular bones?
Unusual
shape that doesn't fit other categories
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What are the two parts of the skeleton?
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
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What does the axial skeleton include?
Cranium
Ribs
Sternum
Vertebral column
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What does the appendicular skeleton include?
Clavicle
Humerus
Phalanges
Radius
Femur
Ulna
Patella
Scapula
Tibia
Ilium
Fibula
Pubis
Tarsals
Ischium
Metatarsals
Carpals
Metacarpals
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What is a joint?
A place where two or more
bones
meet
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What are the three types of joints?
Fibrous
,
cartilaginous
, synovial
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What characterizes fibrous joints?
Little or no movement, held by
connective tissue
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What is the function of cartilaginous joints?
Allow limited
movement
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What are synovial joints known for?
Allow a
wide
range
of
movement
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What are the roles of connective tissues in joints?
Ligaments
: Stabilize joints and connect bones
Cartilage
: Reduces friction at joints
Tendons
: Attach muscles to bones
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What is the role of cartilage in joints?
Reduces
friction
of
movement
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What does the synovial membrane do?
Secretes
synovial fluid
for lubrication
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What are ligaments made of?
Tough, elastic bands of
connective tissue
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What do tendons connect?
Muscles
to
bones
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What are bursas?
Fluid-filled
sacs that cushion joints
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What is synovial fluid?
A
clear
,
thick
fluid for
lubrication
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What are the types of muscle in the human body?
Smooth muscle
:
Involuntary
, found in organs
Cardiac muscle
: Involuntary, found in the heart
Skeletal muscle
: Voluntary, attached to skeleton
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What is the difference between involuntary and voluntary muscles?
Involuntary muscles are not
consciously
controlled
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Where is smooth muscle found?
In
internal organs
and
blood vessels
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What is the function of cardiac muscle?
Contracts
involuntarily
to pump blood
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What is the role of skeletal muscle?
Allows
voluntary
movement
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What type of muscle allows involuntary movement?
Smooth
and
cardiac
muscle
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What type of muscle allows voluntary movement?
Skeletal muscle
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