Psychology Core studies

• What year was the Loftus and Palmer study conducted?

  1974
• How accurate is human memory regarding detailed events?

  Human memory can be inaccurate for complex events
• What can influence people's perceptions of complex events?

  Variables can influence perceptions and recollections
• What is the implication of inaccuracies in eyewitness testimonies?

  They can affect the justice system and court cases
• What were Loftus and Palmer investigating in their study?

  The influence of variables on eyewitness testimonies
• What are leading questions?

  Questions that suggest a desired answer to a witness
• What was the aim of the first experiment?

  To test if language affects speed estimates
• What was the aim of the second experiment?

  To test if language affects recall of broken glass
• How many undergraduate students participated in the first experiment?

  45 students
• How many students participated in the second experiment?

  150 students
• What sampling method was used in the study?

  Opportunity sampling
• What type of experiment was conducted?

  Laboratory experiments
• What design was used in the experiments?

  Independent measures design
• What was the critical question in the first experiment?

  How fast were the cars going when they hit?
• What were the five verbs used in the first experiment?

  Hit, smashed, collided, bumped, contacted
• What was the dependent variable in the first experiment?

  Estimates of speed during the collision
• How were the film clips presented to participants?

  In random order to control for order effects
• What was the critical question in the second experiment?

  Did you see any broken glass?
• What was the outcome regarding broken glass in the second experiment?

  No broken glass was present in the video
• What did participants in the smashed condition report?

  They were more likely to recall broken glass
• What are the two possible explanations for the first experiment's results?

  Response bias and memory change due to language
• What are the two types of information that create memories?

  Information during and after the event
• What do the results suggest about memory?

  Memories can be altered by leading questions
• What is a significant implication of the study for the justice system?

  Question techniques can cause inaccurate recall
• What is a limitation of the laboratory experiment conducted?

  It lacks ecological validity
• What is a potential issue with the sample used in the study?

  Participants were all undergraduate students
• What type of data did the study primarily collect?

  Quantitative data
• What is a criticism of relying solely on quantitative data?

  It may be reductionist and lack depth
• What additional factor could influence eyewitness testimony?

  Past experiences before the event
• How might past experiences affect participants' estimates in the study?

  They could lead to different speed estimates