Meiosis

Cards (26)

  • What process forms gametes in sexual reproduction?
    Meiosis
  • What are gametes also known as?
    Sex cells
  • How much genetic material do gametes contain?
    Half the genetic material
  • What do we call cells that contain half the genetic material?
    Haploid cells
  • What happens when two gametes combine?
    They form a diploid cell
  • What is the genetic composition of a diploid cell?
    Two sets of genetic information
  • What is the first step in meiosis?
    Replicate all of the cell's DNA
  • What shape do chromosomes take after DNA replication in meiosis?
    X shape
  • How many different types of chromosomes do humans have?
    23 different types
  • What are maternal chromosomes?
    Chromosomes from the mother
  • What are paternal chromosomes?
    Chromosomes from the father
  • How many individual chromosomes does each human cell have?
    46 individual chromosomes
  • What happens to chromosome pairs during meiosis?
    They are randomly distributed
  • What is the result of the first division in meiosis?
    Two cells with different DNA
  • What happens during the second division of meiosis?
    Chromosome arms are pulled apart
  • How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
    Four cells
  • Why are gametes genetically unique?
    Due to tiny changes during meiosis
  • What do male gametes develop into?
    Sperm cells
  • What do female gametes develop into?
    Egg cells
  • What happens during fertilization?
    A sperm and egg fuse
  • What does the diploid cell formed during fertilization do?
    Divides by mitosis
  • What is formed after repeated mitosis of the diploid cell?
    An embryo
  • What is the final outcome of the development process starting from a diploid cell?
    A fully grown organism
  • What are the main steps of meiosis?
    1. DNA replication
    2. First division: chromosome pairs separate
    3. Second division: chromosome arms separate
    4. Result: four genetically unique gametes
  • What is the significance of random distribution in meiosis?
    • Ensures genetic diversity
    • Each gamete has different combinations of chromosomes
  • What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
    • Haploid: half the genetic material (gametes)
    • Diploid: full set of genetic material (normal cells)