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GCSE
Biology paper 2
Meiosis
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Mabli Collyer
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Cards (26)
What process forms gametes in sexual reproduction?
Meiosis
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What are gametes also known as?
Sex cells
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How much genetic material do gametes contain?
Half
the genetic material
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What do we call cells that contain half the genetic material?
Haploid cells
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What happens when two gametes combine?
They form a
diploid cell
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What is the genetic composition of a diploid cell?
Two
sets of
genetic information
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What is the first step in meiosis?
Replicate
all of the cell's
DNA
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What shape do chromosomes take after DNA replication in meiosis?
X shape
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How many different types of chromosomes do humans have?
23
different types
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What are maternal chromosomes?
Chromosomes from the
mother
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What are paternal chromosomes?
Chromosomes from the
father
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How many individual chromosomes does each human cell have?
46
individual chromosomes
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What happens to chromosome pairs during meiosis?
They are
randomly
distributed
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What is the result of the first division in meiosis?
Two
cells
with
different
DNA
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What happens during the second division of meiosis?
Chromosome arms
are
pulled
apart
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How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
Four
cells
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Why are gametes genetically unique?
Due to tiny changes during
meiosis
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What do male gametes develop into?
Sperm cells
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What do female gametes develop into?
Egg
cells
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What happens during fertilization?
A
sperm
and
egg
fuse
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What does the diploid cell formed during fertilization do?
Divides by
mitosis
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What is formed after repeated mitosis of the diploid cell?
An
embryo
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What is the final outcome of the development process starting from a diploid cell?
A
fully
grown
organism
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What are the main steps of meiosis?
DNA replication
First division:
chromosome
pairs
separate
Second division:
chromosome
arms
separate
Result:
four
genetically
unique
gametes
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What is the significance of random distribution in meiosis?
Ensures
genetic diversity
Each
gamete
has different combinations of
chromosomes
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What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
Haploid:
half
the
genetic material
(gametes)
Diploid:
full
set
of
genetic
material
(normal cells)
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