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GCSE
Biology paper 2
Family trees/Family pedigrees
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Created by
Mabli Collyer
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Cards (24)
What are family trees sometimes called?
Family pedigrees
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What type of disorder is cystic fibrosis?
Recessive
inherited disorder
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How many cystic fibrosis alleles are needed to have the disease?
Two
cystic fibrosis alleles
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How are cystic fibrosis alleles represented?
Lowercase
f
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How is the healthy version of the cystic fibrosis allele represented?
Capital F
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What genotype indicates a person has cystic fibrosis?
Homozygous recessive
genotype
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What genotype indicates a carrier of cystic fibrosis?
Heterozygous
genotype
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What does a half-shaded shape represent in a family pedigree?
Carrier
of the condition
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What do circles and squares represent in a family pedigree?
Circles
for females, squares for males
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What does a shaded shape indicate in a family pedigree?
Person has the
condition
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How can you determine the genotype of each person in a pedigree?
By using the
diagram
and key
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What does each new row in a family tree represent?
A new
generation
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What does a horizontal line connecting two shapes indicate?
They are a
couple
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What is the genotype of Paul, who is a carrier?
Capital F
lowercase f
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What genotypes do Anna and Lucy have?
Heterozygous
genotype
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What genotypes do Ron and Harry have?
Homozygous dominant
genotype
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What is the genotype of Sam's wife?
Lowercase f lowercase f
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What is the chance of Lucy and Jack's baby having cystic fibrosis?
1 in 4 or
25%
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What genotypes do Lucy and Jack have?
Both are
heterozygous
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How do you set up a Punnett square for Lucy and Jack?
Lucy's
alleles
on the left, Jack's on top
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What does the Punnett square help determine?
Probability
of
genotypes
in
offspring
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What is the genotype of a completely unaffected person?
Homozygous dominant
genotype
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What are the key components of a family pedigree?
Circles
represent females
Squares represent males
Shaded shapes indicate
affected individuals
Half-shaded shapes indicate
carriers
A key explains symbols
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How do you analyze a family tree for cystic fibrosis?
Identify
genotypes
of individuals
Determine
carriers
and affected individuals
Use a Punnett square for
offspring
probabilities
Understand
relationships
and
generations
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