origins of psychology

• What is psychology defined as?

  The scientific study of the human mind
• Why did psychology adopt methods from natural sciences?

  To establish itself as a reliable subject
• When was modern psychology born?

  Towards the end of the 19th century
• Who is known as the father of psychology?

  Wundt
• Where did Wundt open the first psychological research lab?

  Leipzig, Germany
• What technique did Wundt use to study consciousness?

  Introspection
• What is structuralism in psychology?

  Breaking down conscious thoughts into parts
• What are the different structures of conscious thoughts?

  Thoughts, images, emotions, sensations
• Why was introspection significant in psychology?

  It was the first controlled investigation of the mind
• What should participants do during introspection?

  • Describe inner processes
  • Provide responses to stimuli
  • Compare responses to understand perception
• How did Wundt conduct introspection?

  Participants described their inner processes
• What was a common stimulus used in Wundt's experiments?

  A metronome
• What is the purpose of standardised instructions in experiments?

  To ensure consistency across participants
• What does replicability in research mean?

  Ability to repeat a study with similar results
• Why was introspection criticized?

  It was subjective and not measurable
• What is objectivity in scientific research?

  Base findings on fact, not opinion
• How can dreams be measured objectively?

  Using an EEG machine
• Why can't childhood memory be measured objectively?

  It is too subjective and not empirically testable
• How can face recognition be measured?

  By showing faces and testing recall later
• How can depression be measured scientifically?

  By measuring serotonin levels in the brain
• What is empiricism in psychology?

  Studying observable behavior to make predictions
• Who brought scientific methods to psychology?

  Watson and Skinner
• What did behaviorists use to dominate psychology?

  Lab experiments
• What did the cognitive revolution focus on?

  Mental processes using lab experiments
• What technology is used in the biological approach?

  MRI scans, CAT scans, EEGs
• What are the three major features of science?

  1. Objectivity
  2. Replicability
  3. Empirical methods
• Why was introspection not considered scientific?

  It produced subjective and non-measurable data
• What is the main problem with subjective data in psychology?

  It varies greatly from person to person
• What is the goal of scientific methods in psychology?

  To observe and measure behavior
• What is the significance of empiricism in psychology?

  • Focus on observable behavior
  • Allows predictions about behavior
  • Forms the basis for scientific study
• What does the legacy of behaviorism imply for modern psychology?

  Many psychologists still use lab experiments
• How did the cognitive revolution impact psychology?

  It focused on mental processes scientifically
• What is the role of technology in the biological approach?

  To measure live brain activity