Ethnicity

• Interprivist view-


  -OCS is invalid because they're socially constructed

  -Phillips and Bowling- EM are subjected to over policing. 2013- stop and search data shows black Britons are 4.2 times more likely to be stopped than white Britons

  -Holdaway- stop and search is influenced by negative stereotyping by police

  -McPherson report- criticised the Metropolitan police for institutionally racist in it's failure to tackle discrimination.
• Morris-


  Most crime and deviance is committed by young people in poorer socio-economic groups (EMs are in these groups)
• Philips and Browning-


  Negative treatment by police and CJS leads to EMS being more hostile towards police. They also suggest that the high levels of street robbery committed by black Britons could be due to negativing labelling from stop and search (SFP)
• Explanations-

  Sharp and Budd- researched to CJS and found EM had lower offence levels but were more likely to be arrested, convicted and imprisoned.
• Offending crime and justice survey (Self report study)-

  Supports the view that CJS are institutionally racist. Found white people commit more crime
• Hoods study (1992)-


  Study into West Midlands found black Britons are more likely to receive custodial sentences than white Britons for the same offences.