ao1 ccd

• what is coding


  the format in which information is stored in the various memory stores
• what was Baddeleys procedure

  • present participants very rapidly with four conditions of words (acoustically similar and dissimilar, semantically similar and dissimilar)
  • participants serial recall the words immediately and after a 20 minute break
• what was Baddeleys findings

  • immediate recall worse with acoustically similar words
  • after 20 minutes worse with semantically similar
• what was Baddeleys conclusion

  coding in LTM is predominantly semantic

  coding in STM is predominantly acoustic
• what is capacity


  the amount of information.that can be held in a memory store
• what is Jacobs procedure

  • researcher reads out 4 digits and increases amount until participants can no longer correctly recall
  • this is their digit span
• what is Jacobs findings

  • mean digit span was 9.3 numbers and 7.3 letters
• what is Jacobs conclusion

  • miller - capacity of short term memory is 7 =/- 2
  • chunking improves capacity
• what is duration


  the length of Time information can be held in memory
• what is Petersons procedure

  • present participants with a consonant trigram (YCS)
  • participants to count backwards from a three digit number for interval various seconds
  • participants then asked to serial recall the trigrams
• what is Petersons findings

  • 80% correct recall after 3 second interval
  • 3% correct recall after 18 second interval
• what is Petersons conclusion

  • STM duration about 18 seconds unless we rehearse
• what was Bahricks procedure

  • tested 392 graduates (17-74) on their ability to:

  recognise classmates pictures (from 50 photos)

  match names to pictures

  recall names with no pictured clue
• what was Bahricks findings

  • participants performed very well up to 34 years since graduation, better on recognition than recall.
  • dip in performance after 47 years since graduation
  • 90% accurate in photo recognition after 15 years, 70% after 48 years
  • 60% accurate free recall after 15 years, 30% adder 48
• what was Bahricks conclusion

  • the duration of the long term memory is very extensive