Aims and Hypotheses

• What are the three main components of all studies?

  Aim, alternative hypothesis, null hypothesis
• What is the purpose of an aim in research?

  • General purpose of the research
  • Describes what the research hopes to discover
• How do most aims in research typically start?

  With "To investigate if there is a..."
• What are the two types of hypotheses in research?

  • Alternative hypothesis
  • Null hypothesis
• What is an alternative hypothesis?

  A prediction that significant results will be found
• What is the difference between a hypothesis and a question?

  A hypothesis is a testable statement
• What is a non-directional hypothesis?

  • Predicts a difference or relationship
  • Does not specify the direction of the difference
• What is a non-directional experimental hypothesis?

  There will be a significant difference in DV
• What does a non-directional correlational hypothesis predict?

  There will be a significant relationship between covariables
• What is a directional hypothesis?

  • Makes a specific prediction
  • States exactly what will be found
• What is a directional experimental hypothesis?

  Condition 1 will have significantly higher/lower DV
• What does a directional correlational hypothesis predict?

  There will be a significant positive/negative relationship
• What is the null hypothesis?

  • Tested against the alternative hypothesis
  • Predicts no significant result will be found
• What does the null experimental hypothesis state?

  No significant difference between condition 1 and 2
• What does the null correlational hypothesis predict?

  No significant relationship between covariables
• What is the significance of the null hypothesis in research?

  • Serves as a default position
  • Assumes any observed effect is due to chance