psychological therapies

• How many sessions does CBT for schizophrenia typically involve?

  5-20 sessions
• What is the primary goal of CBT for schizophrenia?

  To help patients identify and challenge irrational thoughts
• How does CBT aim to change patient behavior?

  By using positive self-talk
• What does CBT involve to challenge irrational thoughts?

  Arguments or discussions about their truth
• How does CBT help patients understand their symptoms?

  By explaining the origins of their symptoms
• What impact do delusions and hallucinations have on patients?

  They affect the patients' behavior
• How does CBT help reduce anxiety related to hallucinations?

  By showing they are not based on reality
• How can therapists challenge hallucinations in CBT?

  By explaining they come from a malfunctioning brain area
• What is reality testing in CBT for delusions?

  Examining the likelihood that beliefs are true
• What did Jauhar conclude about CBT's effectiveness for schizophrenia?

  It has a small but significant effect
• What did Ponndit et al find regarding auditory hallucinations?

  Reduction in frequency and severity
• What does NICE recommend for treating schizophrenia?

  CBT as a treatment option
• What is a criticism of the studies on CBT's effectiveness?

  They include a wide range of techniques
• What does Thomas point out about different studies on CBT?

  They use different techniques and symptoms
• What is a limitation of CBT regarding schizophrenia?

  It does not cure the condition
• How does research view the nature of schizophrenia?

  It is largely biological in nature
• What is a benefit of drugs compared to CBT?

  Drugs are cheaper and more effective
• What is the focus of family therapy for schizophrenia?

  Improving communication and interaction
• What does family therapy aim to reduce?

  Levels of expressed emotion
• Why is reducing stress important in family therapy?

  It reduces the likelihood of relapse
• What does the therapist encourage in family therapy?

  Formation of a therapeutic alliance
• What does Burbach's model for family therapy include?

  Identifying resources and unhelpful patterns
• What did McFarlane conclude about family therapy's effectiveness?

  It is consistently effective for schizophrenia
• What was found about relapse rates with family therapy?

  They were reduced by around 50-60%
• What does NICE recommend regarding family therapy?

  It should be offered to all diagnosed patients
• How does family therapy benefit the whole family?

  It strengthens the family's ability to support
• Why is strengthening family functioning important?

  It reduces the negative impact of schizophrenia
• What may hinder the effectiveness of family therapy?

  The family's attitude towards therapy
• How does family therapy compare with drugs and CBT?

  Drugs may be more effective than CBT