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parasympathetic nervous system
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Created by
Carolina Samur
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Cards (28)
Which cranial nerve is responsible for pupil control?
Cranial nerve III
(
Oculomotor
)
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What glands does cranial nerve VII (Facial) innervate?
Submaxillary
,
sublingual
, lacrimal glands
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Which cranial nerve innervates the parotid glands?
Cranial nerve
IX
(
Glossopharyngeal
)
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What organs does cranial nerve X (Vagus) affect?
Heart
, kidneys, bronchi,
GI tract
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What do sacral nerves innervate?
Remainder of
GI tract
, bladder,
genitalia
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What are the major effects of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Decrease
cardiac rate
and force
Contraction of
visceral smooth muscle
Vascular dilatation via
endothelium
Penile erection
Pupil constriction
Secretions: sweat, tears,
gut acid
, saliva
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What neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic nerves?
Acetylcholine
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What are the two types of cholinergic receptors?
Nicotinic
and
Muscarinic
receptors
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What type of receptors are Nicotinic receptors?
Ligand Gated Ion Channels
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What type of receptors are Muscarinic receptors?
G-Protein
coupled receptors
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What effect does M1 receptor activation have?
Gut acid production
and other secretions
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What is the effect of M2 receptors on the heart?
Decreased
cardiac activity
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How does the vagus nerve affect heart function?
It decreases
force of contraction
and heart rate
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What is the negative chronotropic effect?
Slowing down the
heart rate
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What is the negative inotropic effect?
Reducing the force of
cardiac contractions
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How does acetylcholine affect blood vessels?
It produces
vasodilation
of
systemic arteries
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What mediates vasodilation in blood vessels?
Nitric oxide
release from
endothelial cells
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What is the role of acetylcholine in penile erection?
It causes
vasodilation
of penile arteries
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What happens to the corpus cavernosum during erection?
It becomes
engorged
with blood
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What additional substance is released during penile erection?
Nitric oxide
(NO)
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How does nitric oxide contribute to erection?
It relaxes
smooth muscle
in
blood vessels
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What is the effect of parasympathetic activation on non-vascular smooth muscle?
It stimulates smooth muscle
contraction
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Which muscles contract due to parasympathetic activation?
Bladder
detrusor
, airway,
gastrointestinal
tract
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What is the effect of M3 receptors on the eye?
They cause pupil constriction (
miosis
)
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How do M3 receptors affect lens accommodation?
They contract
ciliary muscle
for lens bulging
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What is the role of M3 receptors in aqueous humor secretion?
They increase secretion to maintain
pressure
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How do M3 receptors affect tear production?
They
stimulate secretion
of tears
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What secretions are induced by M1 and M3 receptors?
Saliva
Gut acid
Tears
Sweat
View source
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