Cognitive

• What is the main aim of cognitive psychology?

  Understand cognitive explanations of human behaviour
• What is the focus of cognitive psychology?

  Scientific study of the mind and cognition
• What are the key topics covered in cognitive psychology lectures?

  • Introduction to Cognition
  • Perception
  • Attention-I and II
  • Memory-I, II, and III
  • Revision
• What does cognitive psychology evaluate?

  Key empirical findings and major theories
• What is the historical evolution of cognitive psychology?

  From structuralism to cognitive revolution
• Who is associated with structuralism in psychology?

  Wilhelm Wundt
• What did Wundt contribute to psychology?

  First modern psychology laboratory in 1879
• What is introspection in psychology?

  Internal perception of one's mental activity
• What is the focus of functionalism in psychology?

  Functions of specific mental activities
• Who is a key figure in functionalism?

  William James
• What is the main idea of behaviorism?

  Focus on observable behavior, not the mind
• What is the stimulus-response model in behaviorism?

  The mind as a black box
• What limitation did behaviorism face?

  Couldn't explain complex human behaviors
• Who criticized behaviorism for its limitations?

  Noam Chomsky
• What sparked the cognitive revolution?

  Development of the computer as a model
• What analogy is used in cognitive psychology?

  Human-computer analogy
• What are the key concepts and methods in cognitive psychology?

  • Information processing
  • Mental representation
  • Mental processing
  • Modeling
  • Behavioral measures
  • Physiological measures
• What does information processing in cognitive psychology refer to?

  Storage, manipulation, and transformation of information
• What is a mental representation?

  A physical state conveying information
• What are the two facets of mental representations?

  Format and content
• What is a processing system in cognitive psychology?

  A set of processes working together
• What is an algorithm in cognitive psychology?

  A step-by-step procedure for output
• What are the limitations of process models in cognitive psychology?

  1. Internal workings remain unspecified (black box)
  2. Typically assume serial processing only
• What do behavioral measures assess in cognitive psychology?

  Directly observable behavior
• What do physiological measures examine?

  Neural correlates of behavior
• What is the research process in cognitive psychology?

  1. Research question
  2. Hypotheses
  3. Study design
  4. Data collection
  5. Data analysis/hypotheses testing
  6. Interpretation & contextualization
  7. Writing and publication
• What percentage of psychological research participants come from Western countries?

  96%
• What does WEIRD stand for in psychological research?

  Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic
• How does culture affect cognition?

  Shapes perception, evaluation, and memory
• What are the two cognitive styles influenced by culture?

  • Analytic cognitive style: Field-independent
  • Holistic cognitive style: Field-dependent
• What is the main focus of analytic cognitive style?

  Focus on the central object
• What is the main focus of holistic cognitive style?

  Attending to both focal and contextual information
• What is the summary of cognitive psychology's emergence?

  • Emerged through technological advances
  • Describes mental activity as information processing
  • Measures include response times and accuracy
  • Investigates culture's impact on cognition
• What is the Müller-Lyer illusion?

  Perception that lines are different lengths
• What are the Gestalt laws of perception?

  Principles that guide visual perception

  
• What is depth perception?

  Ability to perceive the external world in 3D
• What is the inverse projection problem?

  Ambiguity of projections on the retina
• What are monocular cues?

  Information from one eye
• What is bistable perception?

  Seeing one interpretation at a time
• What is the role of grouping principles in perception?

  Organize visual elements into coherent forms