Smoking

• What is the structure of the respiratory system?

  • Air enters through the nose or mouth
  • Travels down the trachea (windpipe)
  • Divides into bronchi (big branches)
  • Further divides into bronchioles (smaller branches)
  • Ends in alveoli (air sacs)
• What is the function of capillaries in the alveoli?

  They allow gas exchange of oxygen and CO2
• What are carcinogens?

  Cancer-causing agents
• What is tar in cigarette smoke?

  A black sticky substance that clogs lungs
• What is nicotine?

  The addictive drug in cigarettes
• How does carbon monoxide affect oxygen transport in the body?

  It binds to hemoglobin better than oxygen
• What is carboxyhemoglobin?

  Hemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide
• What effect does smoking have on blood pressure?

  It increases blood pressure
• What are ciliated cells?

  Specialized cells that clear airways
• What is the consequence of paralyzed cilia in the airways?

  Bacteria get trapped, leading to infection
• What happens to cilia when a person smokes?

  Cilia become paralyzed and stop working
• What happens to cells during an infection in the airways?

  White blood cells invade and destroy them
• What replaces destroyed cells in the airways?

  Scar tissue replaces original cells
• What is a smoker's cough?

  A cough caused by mucus buildup
• What causes lung cancer related to smoking?

  Chemicals in cigarette smoke cause cell mutation
• What is empyema?

  A condition affecting the alveoli
• How does smoking affect the alveoli?

  It breaks down walls between alveoli
• What is the effect of larger alveoli on gas exchange?

  It decreases the surface area for gas exchange
• What is the experience of someone with empyema?

  They may require oxygen tanks to breathe
• How does the speaker describe the unpleasantness of empyema?

  Like inhaling without exhaling for 10 seconds
• What are some key terms related to smoking discussed in the material?

  • Carcinogen
  • Tar
  • Nicotine
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Carboxyhemoglobin
• What is the overall message about smoking in the material?

  It is a harmful habit with serious consequences