Aortic regurgitation

• What is aortic regurg?

  Aortic valve fails to close properly = back flow into left vent during diastole
• What symptoms can be caused by aortic regurg?

  Dyspnoea

  Fatigue

  Palpitations
• What can aortic regurg lead to in left untreated?

  Heart failure
• What are the most common causes of aortic regurg?

  Bicuspid aortic valve

  Aortic root dilation

  Infective endocarditis
• How is a diagnosis of aortic regurg done?

  Echocardiogram
• How is aortic regurg treated?

  Medical management

  Surgical repair / replacement of the valve

  Transcatheter aortic valve replacement
• What are some causes of aortic regurg (due to valve disease)?

  Rheumatic fever

  Infective endocarditis

  Connective tissue diseases e.g. RA/SLE

  Bicuspid aortic valve
• What are some causes of aortic regurg (due to aortic root disease)?

  Aortic dissection

  Spondylarthropathies

  Hypertension

  Syphilis

  Marfan's, Ehler-Danlos syndrome
• What are some clinical features of aortic regurg?

  Early diastolic murmur

  Collapsing pulse

  Wide pulse pressure

  Quinke's sign

  De Musset's sign
• What is Qunike's sign?

  Nailbed pulsation
• What is De Musset's sign?

  Head bobbing
• What can be seen in severe aortic regurg?

  Mid-diastolic Austin-Flint murmur