Pharmacology lecture

• What is pharmacology?


  The study of drugs and their effects
• What are the two main areas of pharmacology?

  Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
• What are the key functions of pharmacology?

  Drug action, design, administration, and effects
• What does pharmacology investigate regarding drugs?

  Absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination
• What are side effects in pharmacodynamics?

  The undesirable consequences of the drug
• What is the focus of clinical pharmacology?

  Drug safety and efficacy in patients
• What does toxic pharmacology study?

  The harmful effects of drugs or toxins
• What does pharmacodynamics explore?

  • Effects of drugs on the body
  • Includes drug-receptor interactions, dose-response relationships, therapeutic effects, and side effects
• What are therapeutic effects in pharmacology?

  Beneficial effects of drugs in treating diseases
• What is the focus of Phase 1 in clinical trials?

  Safety and dosage in small groups
• Which agencies are involved in regulatory approval in the US and Europe?

  FDA in the US and EMA in Europe
• What is involved in drug design?

  Developing new drugs for effectiveness and safety
• What is metabolism in pharmacokinetics?

  How the body breaks down the drug
• What is pharmacokinetics concerned with?

  How a medication reaches its target site
• What does drug administration study?

  Routes and methods of drug delivery
• What does drug action refer to in pharmacology?

  Interaction with biological targets
• What are preclinical trials used for?

  Evaluating drug safety and efficacy
• What are therapeutic effects of a drug?


  The beneficial actions of the drug
• What does excretion mean in pharmacokinetics?


  How the drug leaves the body
• What is the purpose of post-market surveillance?

  Monitoring drug's safety and efficacy
• What do dose-response relationships indicate?

  How the effect varies with different doses
• What do dose-response curves reveal in experimental pharmacology?

  Mechanisms of drug-receptor interactions
• How many phases are there in clinical trials?

  Three phases
• What does pharmacodynamics explain about aspirin?

  How it inhibits platelet aggregation
• How does understanding pharmacokinetics help with aspirin?

  Shows absorption, transport, metabolism, and excretion
• What is absorption in pharmacokinetics?

  How the drug enters the bloodstream
• What does pharmacokinetics study?

  • Movement of drugs within the body
  • Includes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
• What does pharmacodynamics predict?

  How the drug will affect the body
• What is the focus of Phase 2 in clinical trials?

  Effectiveness in targeted patients
• How does studying aspirin's pharmacokinetics help?

  Reveals its absorption rate
• What does toxic pharmacology assess?

  Toxicity and safety regulations
• What is the focus of pharmacogenetics?

  How genes affect drug response
• How does clinical pharmacology evaluate drug therapy?

  By monitoring therapeutic effects and adverse reactions
• What is the effect of aspirin on blood clotting?


  Reduces blood clotting
• What are the main components of pharmacokinetics?

  • Absorption
  • Distribution
  • Metabolism
  • Elimination
• What is the goal of optimizing drug therapy in pharmacology?

  To enhance therapeutic effects and minimize complications
• Why is a collaborative approach important in drug development?

  To minimize risks and ensure drug safety
• In what setting does clinical pharmacology apply its principles?

  Healthcare settings
• What is the purpose of the discovery stage in drug development?

  Identifying promising drug candidates
• What is the role of pharmacology in healthcare?

  It enhances diagnosis and treatment decisions