Organisation

• What is Translocation?


  Movement of sugars in plants.
• What is Transpiration?


  The process by which plants lose water through their leaves through stomata
• What is the Transpiration stream?

  As more water evaporates, more water is drawn up the plant
• What is the role of stomata and guard cells?


  Stomata allow for gas exchange and guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata.
• What is the function of the xylem?

  Carry water and minerals ions from the roots to the stem and leaves
• What is the function of stomata?


  have holes to let gases in and out and water out
• What is the function of the phloem?

  Transport food substances (mainly sugars) made in leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use of storage
• Name 5 plant tissues

  1. Epidermal tissues
  2. Palisade mesophyll
  3. Spongy mesophyll
  4. Xylem
  5. Phloem
• Epidermal tissues function


  Allows light into leaf
• Palisade mesophyll function 


  Trap light in (light and photosynthesi)
• Spongy mesophyll function


  Gas exchange (increase diffusion of CO2 and O2)
• What is bile?


  Digestive fluid produced by the liver. It also emulsifies fat to form small droplets which increase the surface area. The alkaline conditions and large surface area increase fat if fat breakdown by lipase
• Red blood cells - functions and details

  • Carries oxygen
  • No nucleus - more room for haemoglobin
  • Contains haemoglobin to pick up oxygen
  • Biconcave shape - increases surface area = more absorption of O2
• White blood cell - functions and details

  • Defend against disease
  • Produce antibodies
  • Produce antitoxins
  • Engulf and digest pathogens (disease-causing viruses, bacteria etc)
• Properties and functions of the Artery?

  • Carry blood away from heart
  • thick, muscular walls with elastic fibres
  • Carries blood under high pressure
  • Small lumen
• Plasma - functions and details

  Yellow liquid that transports:

  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Platelets
  • Hormones
  • Waste (urea, CO2)
  • Products of digestion (e.g. glucose, amino acids)
• Platelet - function and general details

  Form a clot/scab over wound to prevent blood loss and microbes entering
• Properties and functions of Capillary?

  • Allow exchange of molecules between the blood and body’s cells
  • Walls one cell thick
  • Carries blood under low pressure
  • Substances (CO2 and O2) diffuse easily across the wall
  • Direction of blood- from artery to vein
• Transpiration is affected by…

  • Humidity - more humid = less transpiration
  • Wind - more wind = more transpiration
  • Temperature - hotter = more evaporation
  • N.O of stomata - more = more opening for water loss
  • Light - lots = open stomata
• Properties and functions of the vein?

  • Transportation of blood
  • have valves to prevent back flow
  • carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart
  • Thin walls
  • Carries blood under lower pressure
  • Large lumen
• How are root cells adapted?

  • Root hairs - large surface area increase= increases rate of absorption
  • Efficient uptake of water by osmosis, and mineral ions by active transport
• What is coronary heart disease?

  when the coronary arteries that supply the block to heart gets blocked by the buildup of fatty material. This restricts the blood and oxygen getting to the heart - this can result in a heart attack
• What does N.O of stomata impact?

  Lower n.o of stomata = less water evaporating (large surface area = more stomata
• What does time of day impact on stomata?

  Stomata close when it’s dark = very little water can escape