History Midterm

• What is mercantilism?

  An economic policy involving colonies and trade
• What does persecution mean?

  Hostility based on various identities
• Why did many Puritans settle in the US?

  Religious persecution in Europe
• What is the balance of trade?

  Importing as much as exporting
• What does salutary neglect refer to?

  Loose enforcement of laws by Britain
• What does tolerance mean in this context?

  Willingness to accept differing beliefs
• Which colony promoted religious tolerance?

  Pennsylvania
• What was the Virginia Company?

  A joint-stock company funding Jamestown
• What was one of the biggest cash crops in the South?

  Tobacco
• Who were brought to the colonies as enslaved laborers?

  West Africans
• What was the Middle Passage?

  The brutal sea passage for enslaved Africans
• What was the Mayflower Compact?

  An agreement for self-governance in Massachusetts
• What was Virginia’s House of Burgesses?

  The first elected legislative body in the colonies
• What is an indentured servant?

  A worker who volunteered for passage
• What was the Great Awakening?

  A religious revival questioning authority
• Who was John Winthrop?

  A Puritan leader and governor
• What was the "City Upon a Hill" speech about?

  Winthrop's vision of a model society
• What are the differences between the Northern, Middle, and Southern colonies?

  • Northern: Religious, small-scale farming, trade, education
  • Middle: Diverse economy, "breadbasket," varied population
  • Southern: Agriculture, plantations, reliance on enslaved labor
• Why did people settle in the New World?

  For land and economic opportunities
• Why did people leave the Old World?

  Escaping persecution and limited opportunities
• How did English and Native Americans initially interact?

  They cooperated and traded
• How did the economies of the Northern, Middle, and Southern colonies differ?

  • Northern: Trade, fishing, shipbuilding
  • Middle: Diverse agriculture and commerce
  • Southern: Plantations, cash crops like tobacco
• What were the causes and effects of the French and Indian War?

  Causes:

  • Conflicts over land in Ohio River Valley
  • Fur trade disputes

  
  

  Effects:

  • British debt leading to increased colonial taxation
  • Set the stage for colonial revolution
• Who was George Grenville?

  The British Prime Minister enforcing taxes
• What was the Stamp Act?

  Taxes on printed materials
• Why were colonists upset about the Stamp Act?

  It was the first direct tax imposed
• What did the Sugar Act impose taxes on?

  Sugar and molasses
• What were the Townshend Acts?

  Taxes on imports like glass and tea
• What did the Tea Act do?

  Gave a monopoly on tea sales
• What was the Boston Tea Party?

  A protest against the Tea Act
• What were the Intolerable Acts?

  Laws punishing Massachusetts after the Tea Party
• What was the First Continental Congress?

  Delegates meeting to address grievances
• What was the Second Continental Congress responsible for?

  Managing the Revolutionary War and drafting the Declaration
• Who was Thomas Paine?

  Author of "Common Sense"
• What does "No taxation without representation" mean?

  Opposition to taxes without political representation
• Who influenced the Declaration of Independence?

  John Locke
• What are natural rights according to John Locke?

  Rights to life, liberty, and property
• How did France support the American Revolutionary War?

  Provided soldiers and war supplies
• What were the Battles of Trenton and Princeton?

  Victories boosting colonial morale
• What is the Declaration of Independence?

  The document declaring independence from Britain