Great Depression part 3

• What mistake did FDR make regarding the budget?

  He attempted to balance the budget
• Why is deficit spending considered helpful during difficult times?

  It initiates economic growth by increasing spending
• How does deficit spending "prime the pump" in the economy?

  By increasing investment and creating jobs
• When did FDR adopt Keynesian economics?

  In 1938
• What were the results of FDR's adoption of Keynesian economics?

  Positive results in employment and production
• What happened to federal spending on public works during FDR's presidency?

  It increased, leading to higher employment
• What pressures did families face during the Depression?

  Unemployed fathers searching for work
• How did declining incomes affect mothers during the Depression?

  They faced challenges in feeding children
• What action did many women take to supplement family income during the Depression?

  They sought work outside the home
• What accusation was made against women seeking jobs during the Depression?

  They were accused of taking jobs from men
• Why did most men not seek the types of jobs available to women?

  They were not interested in those jobs
• How did New Deal programs affect women's pay?

  Women received lower pay than men
• What continued in the 1930s affecting African Americans?

  Racial discrimination
• What was the employment situation for African Americans during the Depression?

  They were often last hired, first fired
• How did the unemployment rate of African Americans compare to the national average?

  It was higher than the national average
• What happened to black sharecroppers in the South during the Depression?

  They were forced off the land
• What was the situation regarding state and local relief programs for African Americans?

  They were excluded from these programs
• What violent act continued in the South during the Depression?

  Lynching
• What low-paying jobs did the WA and CCC provide for African Americans?

  Segregated jobs
• Who provided moral support to African Americans during the Depression?

  Eleanor Roosevelt
• What significant event did Eleanor Roosevelt arrange for African Americans?

  A concert at the Lincoln Memorial
• How many African Americans were appointed to federal positions by FDR?

  Over 100
• What was the purpose of the Fair Employment Practices Committee established in 1941?

  To assist minorities in gaining jobs
• What prompted FDR to take action regarding job opportunities for African Americans?

  1. Philip Randolph's threat of a march
• Who was appointed commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1933?

  John Collier
• What initiatives did John Collier establish for American Indians?

  Conservation and CCC projects on reservations
• What act did Congress repeal in 1934 regarding American Indians?

  The Dawes Act of 1887
• What did the Indian Reorganization Act support for tribes?

  Control of lands and preservation of cultures
• What discrimination did Mexican Americans face during the 1930s?

  They suffered from discrimination
• What was the employment situation for Mexican Americans during the Depression?

  They faced competition from white migrant workers
• What caused many Mexican Americans to return to Mexico during the Depression?

  Competition for jobs
• What environmental disaster affected farmers in the Great Plains during the 1930s?

  A severe drought
• What farming practices contributed to the Dust Bowl?

  Poor farming practices and high winds
• What did thousands of "Okies" do during the Depression?

  Migrated westward to California
• What is the title of the novel by John Steinbeck about Dust Bowl farmers?

  The Grapes of Wrath
• What federal program was created in response to the Dust Bowl in 1935?

  The Soil Conservation Service
• What methods did the Soil Conservation Service teach farmers to combat soil erosion?

  Rotate crops, terrace fields, contour plowing
• What was the goal of the Soil Conservation Service?

  To conserve water and stop soil erosion