biochem lab

• What are the key topics in clinical chemistry laboratories?

  Functions, tests, sample collection, analytical variation
• Why are clinical chemistry laboratories important?

  They assist in diagnosing and managing diseases
• What are biochemical tests used for?

  Diagnosing and managing diseases
• What is crucial for proper sample collection procedures?

  Ensuring accuracy and reliability of results
• What factors can influence analytical variation?

  Collection, handling, and testing methods
• What is the significance of data interpretation in clinical biochemistry?

  It helps determine clinical significance of results
• What does POCT stand for?

  Point of Care Testing
• Why is screening important in clinical biochemistry?

  It aids in early disease detection
• What does high specificity in a test indicate?

  Fewer false positives
• What does high sensitivity in a test indicate?

  Fewer false negatives
• What is the focus of clinical biochemistry?

  Changes in body fluids for disease diagnosis
• How does glucose dysregulation relate to diabetes?

  It indicates abnormal blood sugar levels
• What elevated enzymes indicate liver disease?

  ALT and AST enzymes
• What do increased urea and creatinine levels indicate?

  Possible kidney disease
• What are the applications of clinical biochemistry?

  Diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, screening
• How is creatinine used in clinical biochemistry?

  To predict kidney function outcomes
• What does HbA1c measure in diabetes management?

  Long-term blood sugar levels
• What is the purpose of PSA screening?

  To detect prostate cancer early
• What does enzyme activity indicate in clinical biochemistry?

  Marker of tissue damage
• How does spectrophotometry work?

  Measures light absorption to quantify analytes
• What does electrophoresis separate?

  Molecules by size and charge
• What do immunoassays detect?

  Antigens and antibodies
• What does HPLC stand for?

  High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
• What are the common types of samples collected in clinical biochemistry?

  Blood, urine, CSF, saliva, others
• What is serum in blood sample collection?

  Blood without clotting factors
• What is plasma in blood sample collection?

  Blood with anticoagulants
• What does CSF stand for?

  Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Why is patient preparation important for sample collection?

  It ensures accurate test results
• What is hemolysis in sample collection?

  Red cell destruction affecting results
• What is contamination in sample collection?

  Introduction of inaccuracies in results
• What are the types of analytical variation?

  Pre-analytical, analytical, post-analytical
• How can analytical variation be reduced?

  Using standardized protocols and calibrated equipment
• What are reference ranges in clinical biochemistry?

  Normal test values based on healthy population
• How are reference ranges established?

  Covering 95% of a population
• What factors influence reference ranges?

  Age, gender, ethnicity, pregnancy
• What is the importance of clinical context in data interpretation?

  Combines results with patient history and symptoms
• What are trends in data interpretation?

  Serial results are more valuable than single measurements
• What is the definition of Point of Care Testing (POCT)?

  Tests performed outside traditional labs
• What are the advantages of POCT?

  Rapid results and useful in emergencies
• What is a limitation of POCT?

  Less precise than lab testing