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year 2 - Section A
biomechanics
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Cards (43)
What are the components of a lever?
Fulcrum
Resistance
Effort
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What are the three classes of levers?
Class 1
lever
Class 2
lever
Class 3
lever
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Where does a Class 2 lever occur?
At the
ankle
during plantar flexion
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Where does a Class 3 lever occur?
At the
elbow
during bicep curls
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What are the mechanical advantages and disadvantages of levers?
Mechanical advantage:
Support arm
longer than
resistance arm
Mechanical disadvantage
: Resistance arm longer than support arm
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of a Class 2 lever?
Advantages:
Move
heavy loads
with less force
Disadvantages:
Limited range of motion
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of a Class 3 lever?
Advantages:
Large range of
movement
Disadvantages:
Requires more
force
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What is Newton's 1st law of motion?
An object remains at rest or in motion unless a force acts upon it
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What does inertia refer to?
Resistance of an object to
change motion
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What is Newton's 2nd law of motion?
An objects amount of acceleration will be in proportion to the size of the force causing it and in the direction of the force
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How is force calculated according to Newton's 2nd law?
Force
=
mass
* acceleration
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What is Newton's 3rd law of motion?
For every
action
, there is an equal and opposite reaction
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What is the ground reaction force?
Force exerted opposite to
muscular
force
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Where is the human's center of mass located?
Around the
belly button
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What happens to the center of mass when arms are raised?
It
rises
along
with
the
arms
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What happens to the center of mass when squatting?
It
lowers
as the body
squats
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What is stability in biomechanics?
The
ability to resist motion and remain at rest
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What factors affect stability?
Mass of the body
Height of the
center of mass
Base of support
Line of
gravity
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What are scalar quantities?
Measurements
described by size only
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What are vector quantities?
Measurements
described by size and direction
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How are vectors represented?
By
arrows
indicating
magnitude
and direction
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What is mass?
Quantity of matter in a
body
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What is weight?
Force
on a given mass due to
gravity
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How is weight measured?
In
newtons
(N)
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How is mass measured?
In
kilograms
(kg)
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What is the difference between distance and displacement?
Distance is
scalar
; displacement is
vector
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How is distance measured?
In
meters
(m)
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How is displacement measured?
In
meters
(m)
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What is speed?
Rate of change
of distance
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What is velocity?
Rate of change of
displacement
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How is speed measured?
In
meters per second
(
m/s
)
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How is velocity measured?
In
meters per second
(m/s)
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What is momentum?
Quantity
of motion possessed by a moving body
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How is momentum calculated?
Momentum
=
mass
*
velocity
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What is the unit of momentum?
Kilogram meter per second (
kgm/s
)
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What is acceleration?
Rate of change in
velocity
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How is acceleration measured?
In
meters per second squared
(
m/s²
)
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How is acceleration calculated?
Acceleration =
change in velocity
/ time
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What is the formula for change in velocity?
Change in velocity =
final
-
initial
velocity
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What are the key concepts in linear motion?
Scalar quantities
:
mass
, distance, speed
Vector quantities
:
weight
,
acceleration
, displacement, velocity, momentum
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See all 43 cards
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