Human Anatomy and Physiology

• What does the musculoskeletal system provide for the body?

  Support, movement, and protection
• What are the two main components of the musculoskeletal system?

  Skeletal system and muscular system
• How many bones are in the human body?

  206
• What is the function of bones in the skeletal system?

  Provide structure, protect organs, store minerals
• What connects bones and allows movement?

  Joints
• What is the role of cartilage in the musculoskeletal system?

  Provides cushioning and support at joints
• What are ligaments?

  Tough connective tissue linking bones
• What type of muscles enable voluntary movement?

  Skeletal muscles
• Where are smooth muscles found?

  In organs
• What is the function of cardiac muscle?

  Pumps blood in the heart
• What are the main functions of the musculoskeletal system?

  • Movement
  • Support and posture
  • Protection of internal organs
  • Blood cell production
  • Storage of minerals
• What does the nervous system control and coordinate?

  Body function by transmitting signals
• What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

  • Central nervous system
  • Peripheral nervous system
• What is the role of the brain in the central nervous system?

  Control centre responsible for thought
• What does the spinal cord do?

  Transmits signals between brain and body
• What do sensory neurons do?

  Detect stimuli and send signals to CNS
• What is the function of motor neurons?

  Send signals from CNS to muscles
• What does the autonomic nervous system control?

  Involuntary actions
• What does the sympathetic division activate?

  Fight or flight response
• What does the parasympathetic division control?

  Rest and digest functions
• What are the main functions of the nervous system?

  • Sensory perception
  • Motor control
  • Coordination of bodily functions
  • Reflex responses
  • Memory, cognition, and emotions
• What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

  Transport blood, oxygen, nutrients, hormones
• What is the role of the heart in the cardiovascular system?

  Pumps blood
• What does the right side of the heart do?

  Transports deoxygenated blood to lungs
• What does the left side of the heart do?

  Transports oxygenated blood to body
• What do arteries do?

  Carry oxygenated blood away from heart
• What do veins do?

  Carry deoxygenated blood back to heart
• Where does gas and nutrient exchange occur?

  In capillaries
• What do red blood cells carry?

  Oxygen via haemoglobin
• What is the function of white blood cells?

  Fight infections
• What do platelets help with?

  Blood clotting
• What is plasma?

  Fluid that carries cells, hormones, nutrients
• What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

  • Transport of oxygen and nutrients
  • Removal of waste
  • Regulation of body temperature
  • Immune response and blood clotting
  • Maintaining blood pressure
• What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  Facilitates exchange of oxygen and CO2
• What are the major organs and structures of the respiratory system?

  • Nose/nasal cavity
  • Pharynx and larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi and bronchioles
  • Lungs
  • Diaphragm
• What is the function of the nose/nasal cavity?

  Filters, warms, and humidifies air
• What do the pharynx and larynx do?

  Direct air to the trachea
• What connects the throat to the lungs?

  Trachea
• What do bronchi and bronchioles do?

  Branch into smaller airways in lungs
• Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

  In alveoli