social influence

• What is the focus of the AQA A-level Psychology Social Influence chapter?

  Revision resources for social influence
• What topics are covered in the Social Influence chapter?

  Types of conformity and explanations for conformity
• What are the three types of conformity mentioned?

  Compliance, Internalisation, Identification
• What is compliance in terms of conformity?

  Weakest form of conformity for approval
• How does internalisation differ from compliance?

  Internalisation involves accepting the group's viewpoint
• What motivates individuals to conform through compliance?

  Desire for group approval or to avoid disapproval
• What is identification in the context of conformity?

  Accepting influence to be associated with a group
• How does identification relate to smoking among youths?

  Youths may smoke to fit in with peers
• What are the two explanations for conformity discussed?

  Informational and Normative Social Influence
• What is informational social influence?

  Accepting information from others as reality
• What triggers normative social influence?

  Need for approval and fear of rejection
• What role does group size play in conformity?

  Increased group size increases conformity to a point
• What did Asch find about conformity rates with different group sizes?

  Conformity peaked with 3-5 participants
• How does unanimity affect conformity according to Asch's study?

  Conformity decreases when there is a dissenting voice
• What happens to conformity rates when a confederate gives the correct answer?

  Conformity rates drop significantly
• How does task difficulty influence conformity?

  Increased difficulty leads to increased conformity
• What did Lucas et al. (2006) find regarding self-efficacy and task difficulty?

  Self-efficacy moderates the influence of task difficulty
• What was the aim of Solomon Asch's line study?

  To understand social influence on conformity
• What was the main finding of Asch's line study regarding conformity?

  One-third of participants conformed to incorrect answers
• What is the "Asch effect"?

  Tendency to conform to majority group consensus
• What are the limitations of Asch's study regarding population validity?

  Study used only male students, lacks generalizability
• What is a strength of Asch's laboratory study?

  Control over variables enhances reliability
• What ethical concern is raised by Asch's study?

  Use of deception regarding confederates' roles
• What was the aim of Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment?

  To observe interactions in a simulated prison
• How were participants assigned roles in Zimbardo's study?

  Randomly assigned as guards or prisoners
• What rights were prisoners given in Zimbardo's experiment?

  Three meals and supervised toilet visits
• What was a significant outcome of Zimbardo's study?

  Demonstrated the power of social roles on behavior
• What ethical issues arose from Zimbardo's study?

  Potential psychological harm to participants
• Where was the prison set up for the Stanford Prison Study?

  Stanford University basement
• How were the student volunteers selected for the Stanford Prison Study?

  They were screened for stability and no criminal tendencies
• How many students were identified for the Stanford Prison Study?

  24 students
• What roles were assigned to the volunteers in the Stanford Prison Study?

  Prisoner or guard
• What happened to the volunteers assigned as "prisoners" upon entry?

  They were deloused and given uniforms
• How did the guards refer to the prisoners during the experiment?

  By their assigned ID numbers
• What uniforms did the guards wear in the Stanford Prison Study?

  Khaki uniforms and reflective sunglasses
• What rights were prisoners allowed in the Stanford Prison Study?

  3 meals and 3 toilet visits per day
• How many prisoners were allocated to each cell?

  3 prisoners
• How long was the Stanford Prison Study originally planned to last?

  Two weeks
• What were the individual differences observed in the guards during the Stanford Prison Study?

  • Not all guards were sadistic
  • Some were fair or non-controlling
  • Variability in prisoner behavior
• What did the BBC Prison Study find when recreating Zimbardo's study?

  Guards did not identify with their roles