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social studies 8
3rd quarter
lesson 1 & 2
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Cards (32)
What is Central America a subregion of?
The Americas
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What defines the political boundaries of Central America?
Bordering
Mexico
,
Colombia
,
Caribbean Sea
,
Pacific Ocean
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How many countries are usually defined as Central America?
Seven
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What are the seven countries of Central America?
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
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What was the first civilization in the Americas?
Olmec
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Where was the Olmec civilization located?
Atlantic coast
of
Southern Mexico
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What did the Olmec civilization worship?
Many
gods
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What were important artifacts of the Olmec civilization?
Huge
carved
stone heads
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Where was the Mayan civilization located?
Yucatan
Peninsula,
Guatemala
,
Belize
,
Honduras
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What was the primary occupation of most Mayans?
Farmers
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What writing system did the Mayans use?
Glyphs
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What was the purpose of the Mayan calendar?
Religious
ceremonies
,
planting
, crowning rulers
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What is the base of the Mayan number system?
20
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What type of structures did the Mayans construct for religious rituals?
Pyramids
with flat tops
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Where was the Aztec civilization located?
Tenochtitlan
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What did the Aztecs offer for the protection of their god?
The hearts of their
captives
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What happened to the captives in Aztec rituals?
Thrown in the
fiery pit
of the temple
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What led to the decline of the Aztec civilization?
The arrival of
Spaniards
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Who landed in Mexico in 1519?
Hernando Cortes
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Who received Hernando Cortes upon his arrival?
Montezuma II
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What is South America described as?
A continent in the
Western Hemisphere
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What portion of South America is in the Northern Hemisphere?
A small portion at the
northern tip
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What is the Tiahuanaco Culture known for?
Emerged in
Lake Titicaca
Little is known about their culture
Excellent
builders
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Where did the Inca build their capital?
Cuzco
in Southern
Peru
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Which countries did the Inca territory cover?
Ecuador
,
Colombia
, central
Chile
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Who did the Inca consider themselves descendants of?
The
sun god
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What did the Inca build to connect their empire?
An extensive network of
roads
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What crops did the Inca cultivate?
Corn
and
potato
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What system did the Inca use to record information?
Quipus
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What led to the demise of the Inca civilization?
The arrival of
Francisco Pizarro
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What are the key characteristics of the Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
Olmec:
First
civilization, worshipped many
gods
, stone
heads
Mayan:
Farmers
,
glyphs
,
pyramids
,
20-based
number system
Aztec:
Tenochtitlan
, human
sacrifices
, declined due to
Spaniards
Inca:
Cuzco
,
sun
god
descendants, extensive
roads
,
quipus
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Nazca
•Located in the north of
Tiahuanaco
•Mysterious huge geometrical figures