What is the name of the atomic model shown in the image?
Bohr atomic model of a nitrogen atom
What is the smallest unit of a chemical element?
Atom
Is Carbon 12 radioactive?
No, it is stable.
Is Carbon 13 radioactive?
No, it is stable.
What determines an atom's mass number?
Protons and neutrons
What charge do protons carry?
Positive charge
What charges do protons have?
Positive charges
How does the Bohr model differ from the earlier Rutherford model of the atom?
The Bohr model introduces the concept of discrete electron energy levels, while the Rutherford model had electrons orbiting the nucleus in a continuous fashion
What charge do neutrons have?
No charge
What are the limitations of the Bohr atomic model?
Can only be applied to simple, hydrogen-like atoms
Does not accurately predict the behavior of multi-electron atoms
Cannot explain the full complexity of atomic structure and electron configurations
What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
What happens to calcium when it loses two electrons?
Calcium becomes Ca²⁺
It forms a cation
It has a positive charge
What charge do electrons carry?
Negative charge
What does 23 represent in the periodic table symbol for sodium?
Mass number
How does the Bohr model explain the stability of atoms?
Electrons can only occupy certain discrete energy levels
Electrons do not emit energy when in these stable energy levels
This explains why atoms are stable and do not continuously emit radiation
What charge do neutrons carry?
No charge
How do electrons move in relation to the nucleus?
They orbit the nucleus in distinct shells
What determines an element's chemical properties?
Electrons
What is the model of a nitrogen atom used to illustrate?
Structure of an atom
Arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Distinct shells for electron orbits
How many protons do all carbon isotopes have?
6 protons
Is Carbon 14 radioactive?
Yes, it is radioactive.
What results from the varying number of neutrons in isotopes?
Different mass numbers for the isotopes
Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties?
They have the same number of electrons
What is the mass number of an isotope determined by?
Sum of protons and neutrons
Varies among isotopes of the same element
What is the role of the electron orbits in the Bohr atomic model?
The electron orbits represent the allowed energy levels for the electrons in the atom
Electrons can only occupy specific discrete energy levels, not any arbitrary energy
What are the neutron counts for Carbon-12, Carbon-13, and Carbon-14?
6, 7, and 8 neutrons respectively
What is the symbol for carbon?
C
What is the formula to calculate the area of a circle with radius r?
A=πr2
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different neutrons
How can you identify a metal element in the periodic table?
Metals are located on the left side of the periodic table
Metals have high electrical and thermal conductivity
Metals are malleable and ductile
What is the nuclear number of Carbon 12?
12
How do the mass number and proton/atomic number differ in the structure of an atom?
Mass number (A): Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Proton/atomic number (Z): Number of protons in the nucleus (determines element's identity)
How many neutrons are there in Carbon 12?
6 neutrons
What is the number of neutrons in an element with mass number 23 and atomic number 11?
12 neutrons
What is an element?
A pure substance made of one kind of atom
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons.