strong and weak acids

• What is the main focus of the video?

  The difference between strong and weak acids
• What pH value defines an acid?

  Less than seven
• Why do acids have a pH of less than seven?

  They ionize to release hydrogen ions
• What ions does hydrochloric acid dissociate into?

  H⁺ and Cl^-
• What does nitric acid ionize into?

  A hydrogen ion and a nitrate
• What is a hydrogen ion essentially considered as?

  A proton
• What defines strong acids?

  They ionize completely in solution
• How do weak acids differ from strong acids?

  Weak acids do not fully ionize
• What is the nature of ionization in weak acids?

  It is reversible and establishes equilibrium
• What does the double arrow in the dissociation equation indicate?

  The reaction is reversible
• What does it mean when the equilibrium lies to the left?

  More undissociated acid than dissociated acid
• What is the difference between acid strength and concentration?

  Strength is about ionization proportion
• What does concentration measure in acids?

  Amount of acid in a volume
• Can strong acids be found in low concentrations?

  Yes, they can be dilute
• What does pH measure?

  The concentration of hydrogen ions
• How does pH change with hydrogen ion concentration?

  Higher concentration means lower pH
• What does a decrease of one on the pH scale represent?

  Hydrogen ion concentration increases by a factor of 10
• If pH changes from 5 to 3, how much does hydrogen ion concentration increase?

  By a factor of 100
• If pH changes from 8 to 11, how does hydrogen ion concentration change?

  Decreases by a factor of 1,000
• What is required for a strong acid to achieve a low pH?

  High concentration of hydrogen ions
• How can a weak acid achieve a low pH?

  It must be highly concentrated
• At any given concentration, how does the pH of strong acids compare to weak acids?

  Strong acids have a lower pH
• What determines the pH of a solution?

  The concentration of hydrogen ions