genetics

• How many diploid daughter cells are produced during mitosis?

  2
• What are the key similarities between mitosis and meiosis?

  • Both have similar basic steps
  • Both start with a single parent cell
  • Both produce new cells
• How many divisions occur in meiosis compared to mitosis?

  Meiosis has one extra division
• What type of number of chromosomes do daughter cells become in meiosis?

  Haploid (n)
• What is the primary source of genetic variation in sexual reproduction?


  Three mechanisms
• How many stages are there in total in the process of mitosis?

  4
• How do the mechanisms of genetic variation differ from mitosis?

  • Sexual reproduction mixes genetic information
  • Mitosis produces identical cells
• How does the genetic variation differ between the daughter cells produced by mitosis versus meiosis?

  • Mitosis produces genetically identical diploid daughter cells
  • Meiosis produces genetically unique haploid daughter cells with half the original chromosome number
• What is the outcome of meiosis?

  Four different haploid daughter cells
• What type of cells undergo mitosis?

  Somatic cells
• In which type of cells does mitosis occur?

  Somatic cells
• How do mitosis and meiosis differ in terms of chromosomal errors?

  • Mitosis: Aims for identical cells, fewer errors
  • Meiosis: More prone to errors, complex segregation
• What does aneuploidy describe?

  One extra or missing chromosome
• What is the significance of the purple circles in the image?

  The purple circles represent the DNA content of the cells at different stages of the cell cycle.
• How does genetic variation change during mitosis?


  Genetic variation doesn't change
• What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?

  It creates genetic variation
• What is the outcome of mitosis?

  Two identical diploid daughter cells
• How does the chromosome number change during meiosis?

  • Diploid parent cell (2n)
  • Haploid daughter cells (n)
• What process distinguishes living things from nonliving matter?

  Cell division
• What are the two main types of reproduction in organisms?

  Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
• What are the three mechanisms of genetic variation in sexual reproduction?

  • Independent assortment
  • Crossing over
  • Random fertilization
• What is the purpose of mitosis?

  Growth and repair
• What type of cells undergo meiosis?

  Germ cells
• What is the role of fertilization in sexual reproduction?

  It combines genetic material from two parents
• What is the purpose of meiosis?

  To produce haploid gamete cells from diploid parent cells
• What is the third stage of mitosis called?

  Metaphase
• What is the genetic similarity of daughter cells produced by mitosis?

  Identical
• What is the name of the process shown in the image?

  Meiosis
• What are the key structures involved in meiosis?

  • Homologous pair of chromosomes
  • Sister chromatids
  • Diploid parent cell
  • Haploid daughter cells
• What is produced during mitosis?

  Identical cells
• What is the process through which genetic inheritance occurs?

  Through chromosomes
• What are alleles?


  Different versions of a gene
• What are the key stages of meiosis shown in the image?

  • Homologous pair of chromosomes replicate
  • Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes separate
  • First cell division
  • Sister chromatids separate
  • Second cell division
  • Four haploid daughter cells
• When does crossing over occur during meiosis?

  During prophase I
• What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

  Sister chromatids separate
• How does meiosis differ from mitosis?

  Meiosis produces haploid cells, while mitosis produces diploid cells
• How does meiosis contribute to sexual reproduction?

  It halves chromosomes to combine with another parent's cells
• What are the main stages of Meiosis I?

  • Prophase I
  • Metaphase I
  • Anaphase I
  • Telophase I & Cytokinesis
• What happens during independent assortment in meiosis?

  Maternal and paternal chromosomes distribute independently
• What is the name of the cell cycle stage shown in the image with 2N+1 DNA content?

  Aneuploidy