PAPER AND BOARDS

• Where was the first paper made?

  China
• What is the mixture used to make paper called?

  Pulp
• What natural substance helps hold wood's fibres together?

  Lignin
• How can better-quality paper be made?

  By using plants with long cellulose fibres
• What are the steps to make paper by hand?

  1. Cut or rip old paper into small pieces.
  2. Soak the paper overnight in water.
  3. Blend soaked paper with clean water.
  4. Pour pulp into a tray.
  5. Use a mould and deckle to scoop pulp.
  6. Drain excess water and transfer to absorbent surface.
  7. Press to remove moisture and dry.
• What is the purpose of the mould and deckle in paper making?

  To shape and drain the pulp
• What is the role of the rolling pin in the paper-making process?

  To press and flatten the wet sheet
• What is the key raw material used to make paper?

  Pulp
• What is the mechanical pulping process primarily used for?

  To separate wood fibres for paper
• How does mechanical pulping affect the strength of paper?

  It results in low strength due to fibre damage
• What is a disadvantage of mechanically pulped paper?

  It tears easily and disintegrates when wet
• What chemicals are used in the chemical pulping process?

  Caustic soda and sodium sulphate
• What is the purpose of blending in the chemical pulping process?

  To improve or change the texture of pulp
• What is the result of using recycled paper in production?

  It reduces the number of trees needed
• How many times can paper typically be recycled?

  Five or six times
• What is the percentage of recycled paper used in mechanical pulping?

  55%
• What is the main characteristic of chemically pulped paper?

  It is of much higher quality
• What are the physical and working properties of different types of paper?

  • Layout paper: 50 gsm, bright white, smooth, lightweight
  • Copier paper: 80 gsm, bright white, smooth, medium weight
  • Cartridge paper: 80-140 gsm, textured surface, creamy color
  • Bleed-proof paper: 80-140 gsm, bright white, smooth surface
  • Sugar paper: 100 gsm, available in colors, rough surface
• What is the thickness of mounting board?

  1400 microns
• What is the main use of corrugated cardboard?

  Packaging for larger products
• How is corrugated cardboard made?

  By passing paper through a corrugation machine
• What is the main characteristic of double-wall corrugated card?

  It has an additional wavy layer
• What is the purpose of laminated boards?

  To enhance strength and durability
• What is the main environmental concern with paper waste?

  It ends up in landfill sites
• How does recycling paper benefit the environment?

  It reduces natural resources and energy use
• What is the role of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)?

  To promote sustainable forest management
• What are the harmful effects of hydrogen peroxide in paper production?

  It can cause irritation and breathing problems
• What can lignin be used for after extraction?

  As a fuel substitute
• What are the properties and uses of different types of board?

  • Foam board: Smooth, lightweight, used for displays
  • Styrofoam: Water resistant, good insulator, used for moulds
  • Corriflute: Waterproof, rigid, used for outdoor signs
  • Foamex: Lightweight, easy to print, used for signs
• What is the main characteristic of Foamex?


  It is lightweight and easy to print
• What is the process to create expanded polystyrene foam?

  Heating small pellets to expand them
• How does Corriflute differ from corrugated cardboard?

  It is made from polypropylene, not paper
• What is the main use of Styrofoam?

  For insulation and moulds
• What is the thickness range of card?

  180-300 microns
• What is the significance of the term 'gsm' in paper?

  It measures the weight of paper
• What happens to paper if it is not recycled?

  It contributes to landfill waste
• What is the ecological impact of using recycled paper?

  It reduces air pollution by 73%
• How does the use of chemicals in paper production affect the environment?

  It can lead to pollution and health risks
• What is the main purpose of using additives in paper production?

  To enhance color and properties of paper
• What is the main characteristic of mounting board?

  It is smooth and rigid