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GCSE BIOLOGY P1
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Cards (71)
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells lack a
nucleus
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What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
It controls cell
activities
and contains
DNA
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How is diffusion defined?
Movement of
particles
from high to low
concentration
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What is the role of mitochondria in cells?
Site of
aerobic respiration
, releasing energy
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How is a root hair cell adapted for its function?
It has a large
surface area
for absorption
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What are the stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase
Mitosis
(
prophase
,
metaphase
,
anaphase
,
telophase
)
Cytokinesis
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What occurs during mitosis?
The
nucleus
divides, ensuring
identical
DNA copies
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What is active transport?
Movement of particles against the
concentration gradient
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Why is magnification important in cell biology?
It allows detailed study of cell structures
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What is the formula for magnification?
Magnification = size of
image
รท size of real object
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What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
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What does "resolution" mean in microscopy?
Ability to distinguish between two
separate
points
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Why are electron microscopes superior to light microscopes?
They have higher
magnification
and
resolution
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What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
They carry out
photosynthesis
to produce
glucose
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How do cells become specialized?
Through the process of
differentiation
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What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water across a
partially permeable membrane
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Why is osmosis important in plants?
It maintains
turgor pressure
for support
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What is a stem cell?
An
undifferentiated
cell capable of becoming
any cell type
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How are embryonic stem cells used?
In medical
research
and tissue repair treatments
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What ethical issues surround embryonic stem cells?
Using
embryos
for research destroys potential life
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What are tissues?
Groups of similar
cells
working together
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Define an organ.
A group of
tissues
working together
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What is the function of the small intestine?
Absorbs nutrients through
villi
into the bloodstream
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What does bile do in digestion?
Neutralises
stomach acid
and
emulsifies
fats
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Name the enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates.
Amylase
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What are the products of protein digestion?
Amino acids
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What is the role of the stomach in digestion?
Breaks down food
mechanically
and
chemically
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What adaptations do alveoli have for gas exchange?
Large
surface area
, thin walls, good blood supply
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How is oxygen transported in the blood?
Binds to
haemoglobin
in
red blood cells
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Define double circulatory system.
Blood passes through the
heart
twice
in one circuit
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What is the function of arteries?
Carry blood away from the
heart
under
high pressure
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How are capillaries adapted for exchange?
Thin walls for efficient
diffusion
of substances
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What is coronary heart disease?
Blockage of
coronary arteries
by
fatty deposits
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How do stents treat heart disease?
They keep
arteries
open to maintain blood flow
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What are the risks of smoking?
Increases risk of
heart disease
and
lung cancer
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How does the structure of the heart relate to its function?
Left ventricle
has thick walls to pump blood
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What are enzymes?
Proteins that speed up
chemical
reactions
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What is the lock-and-key theory?
Enzymes
fit specific
substrates
like a key fits a lock
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How does pH affect enzyme activity?
Extreme pH levels can
denature
enzymes
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What is the role of plasma in the blood?
Transports
nutrients
,
hormones
, and waste products
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