GCSE BIOLOGY P1

    Cards (71)

    • What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
      Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus
    • What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
      It controls cell activities and contains DNA
    • How is diffusion defined?
      Movement of particles from high to low concentration
    • What is the role of mitochondria in cells?
      Site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy
    • How is a root hair cell adapted for its function?
      It has a large surface area for absorption
    • What are the stages of the cell cycle?
      • Interphase
      • Mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
      • Cytokinesis
    • What occurs during mitosis?
      The nucleus divides, ensuring identical DNA copies
    • What is active transport?
      Movement of particles against the concentration gradient
    • Why is magnification important in cell biology?
      It allows detailed study of cell structures
    • What is the formula for magnification?
      Magnification = size of image รท size of real object
    • What is the function of ribosomes?
      Protein synthesis
    • What does "resolution" mean in microscopy?
      Ability to distinguish between two separate points
    • Why are electron microscopes superior to light microscopes?
      They have higher magnification and resolution
    • What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
      They carry out photosynthesis to produce glucose
    • How do cells become specialized?
      Through the process of differentiation
    • What is osmosis?
      Diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane
    • Why is osmosis important in plants?
      It maintains turgor pressure for support
    • What is a stem cell?
      An undifferentiated cell capable of becoming any cell type
    • How are embryonic stem cells used?
      In medical research and tissue repair treatments
    • What ethical issues surround embryonic stem cells?
      Using embryos for research destroys potential life
    • What are tissues?
      Groups of similar cells working together
    • Define an organ.
      A group of tissues working together
    • What is the function of the small intestine?
      Absorbs nutrients through villi into the bloodstream
    • What does bile do in digestion?
      Neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats
    • Name the enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates.
      Amylase
    • What are the products of protein digestion?
      Amino acids
    • What is the role of the stomach in digestion?
      Breaks down food mechanically and chemically
    • What adaptations do alveoli have for gas exchange?
      Large surface area, thin walls, good blood supply
    • How is oxygen transported in the blood?
      Binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells
    • Define double circulatory system.
      Blood passes through the heart twice in one circuit
    • What is the function of arteries?
      Carry blood away from the heart under high pressure
    • How are capillaries adapted for exchange?
      Thin walls for efficient diffusion of substances
    • What is coronary heart disease?
      Blockage of coronary arteries by fatty deposits
    • How do stents treat heart disease?
      They keep arteries open to maintain blood flow
    • What are the risks of smoking?
      Increases risk of heart disease and lung cancer
    • How does the structure of the heart relate to its function?
      Left ventricle has thick walls to pump blood
    • What are enzymes?
      Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
    • What is the lock-and-key theory?
      Enzymes fit specific substrates like a key fits a lock
    • How does pH affect enzyme activity?
      Extreme pH levels can denature enzymes
    • What is the role of plasma in the blood?
      Transports nutrients, hormones, and waste products