mac/ip addressing

• What does every device on a network have?

  A network interface card (NIC)
• What is the purpose of a MAC address?

  To route frames on a local area network
• What addressing method is required when a LAN connects to a WAN?

  IP addressing
• What do we refer to frames as in a WAN?

  Packets
• What is an IP address used for?

  To identify a host computer on the internet
• How many versions of IP are currently in use?

  Two versions
• What are the two versions of IP?

  IPv4 and IPv6
• What is the size of an IPv4 address?

  32 bits (4 bytes)
• What is the format of an IPv4 address?

  Four numbers between 0 and 255 separated by periods
• What is the range of possible IPv4 addresses?

  000.000.000.000 – 255.255.255.255
• Why is the actual number of IPv4 addresses slightly lower than 4 billion?

  Some addresses are reserved for special uses
• What are the two parts of an IPv4 address?

  Network identifier and host identifier
• What is the network identifier size in an IPv4 address?

  3 bytes
• What is the host identifier size in an IPv4 address?

  1 byte
• What are the statistics of the Internet of Things (IoT) from 1992 to 2020?

  • 1992: 1,000,000 devices
  • 2012: 8.7 billion devices
  • 2018: 34.8 billion devices
  • 2020: 50.1 billion devices
• What is the size of an IPv6 address?

  128 bits (16 bytes)
• How many combinations does IPv6 provide?

  Approximately 340 trillion-trillion-trillion
• What is the format of an IPv6 address?

  Eight groups of four 16-bit hex values separated by colons
• What is the role of MAC addressing in networking?

  To route frames on a local area network
• How does IP addressing differ from MAC addressing?

  IP addressing routes packets on a WAN
• What is the size of an IPv4 address in bits?

  32 bits
• What is the purpose of a router's unique IP addresses?

  To enable LAN devices to share IPs
• Why is IPv4 being replaced by IPv6?

  Unique static addresses are running out
• What is the size of an IPv6 address in bytes?

  16 bytes
• What is the significance of the unique WAN-facing IP address of a router?

  It allows LAN devices to share IPs