structure of RNA

• what is a genome?

  complete set of genes in an organism
• what is a proteome

  the full range of proteins produced by the genome
• What does the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA determine?


  determines the sequence of amino acids in the proteins of an organism.
• what does RNA stand for and what is it made from?

  • ribonucleic acid
  • a polymer made of repeated mononucleotide units
  • a single strand
  • Pentose sugar – ribose
  • A phosphate group
  • nitrogenous organic bases; A, U, C, G
• what is mRNA's function?

  transfers the DNA code form the nucleus to the cytoplasm
• how does mRNA carry out its function?

  • small enough to leave the nucleus through nuclear pores in the nuclear envelope where it enters the cytoplasm
  • then associates with the ribosomes
  • It acts as a template for protein synthesis

  The coded information that it contains (codons) is used to determine the sequence of amino acids in the proteins that are synthesised
• describe tRNA's structure

  Single strand folded into a clover shape

  One end extends the other. This is where an amino acid can easily attach

  At the other end is a sequence of 3 organic bases  known as the anticodon

  
• what happens during proteinsynthesis?

  During protein synthesis an anticodon pairs with 3 complementary organic bases that make up the codon on the mRNA
• How is tRNA structurally suited for its role in protein synthesis?

  end chain for attaching amino acids and its anticodon for complementary base pairing with the codon of mRNA.
• distinguish structure between mRNA and tRNA
• distinguish structure between mRNA and tRNA


  table below: