Energy

• How can resources be classified?

  Into stock sources and flow resources
• What distinguishes flow resources from stock resources?

  Flow resources are generally renewable
• Why do biomass resources require regeneration?

  They need vegetation growth to replenish
• What cycle do stock reserves go through?

  Exploration, exploitation, and development
• What happens to stock resources after reaching their production peak?

  Supply begins to decrease despite high demand
• What is the purpose of an Environmental Impact Assessment?

  To limit environmental damage from projects
• Which countries have the largest growing demand for resources?

  India and China
• What has caused contrasting regional trends in land use cover?

  Exponential population growth and resource demand
• What is ocean acidification?

  Reduction in ocean pH from carbon dioxide uptake
• How does fossil fuel combustion affect marine ecosystems?

  It declines coral reef health and pollutes water
• What is the enhanced greenhouse effect primarily caused by?

  Human activities, particularly fossil fuel use
• What are the implications of forest loss on human wellbeing?

  Forests provide shelter, food, and stabilize ecosystems
• What trend is observed in forest conservation in developed countries?

  Conscious protection and expansion of forest stores
• What is the Kuznets’ curve model about environmental conservation?

  Higher GDP leads to more environmental protection

  
• How does resource insecurity affect developed nations?

  Encourages greater environmental protection efforts
• How do rising temperatures affect water availability?

  They impact evaporation rates and precipitation patterns
• What happens to freshwater availability as glaciers melt?

  It leads to flooding and loss of freshwater
• What are primary energy sources?

  Natural sources like coal, oil, and gas
• What constitutes a rich energy mix?

  Domestic and foreign energy sources combined
• How does energy consumption differ between newly industrialized and developed countries?

  Newly industrialized countries consume more energy
• What factors affect access and consumption of energy resources?

  • Physical Availability
  • Cost
  • Technology
  • Public Perception
  • Level of Economic Development
  • Environmental Priority
• What is the impact of physical availability on energy resources?

  Location affects availability of energy sources
• How does cost influence energy resource consumption?

  Decreasing supply leads to increasing costs
• What role does technology play in energy extraction?

  It enables extraction from difficult environments
• How does public perception affect energy resource use?

  Cultural preferences can hinder technology adoption
• How does economic development level affect energy sources?

  Wealthier countries can afford diverse energy sources
• What is Costa Rica's energy source achievement in 2015?

  Obtained 99% of energy from renewables
• What are energy players in the context of energy security?

  Entities involved in securing energy pathways
• What is OPEC's main goal?

  To stabilize oil prices and limit damage
• How can governments influence energy conservation?

  By increasing taxes on large emitters
• What are energy pathways?

  Routes for transporting energy sources
• What happened in the 2006 gas dispute between Russia and Ukraine?

  Russia increased gas prices for Ukraine
• What was the impact of Belarus cutting off Russia's oil pipeline in 2007?

  It affected Germany and Poland's oil supply
• What are the implications of accidents like the Buncefield Oil Depot fires?

  They cause disruptions in energy supply
• What are the costs and benefits of unconventional fossil fuel resources?

  Costs:

  • High energy requirements for extraction
  • Environmental degradation
  • Water pollution

  
  

  Benefits:

  • Reduces dependency on imports
  • Job creation
  • Potential energy security
• What is the environmental impact of tar sands extraction?

  It requires large amounts of water and energy
• What risks are associated with oil exploration in the Arctic Circle?

  High risks of spills and territorial disputes
• What is the significance of the Falkland Islands in energy security?

  Potential for commercial oil discovery exists
• What are the challenges of renewable energy sources?

  They come with their own costs and benefits
• What are the advantages of nuclear power?

  Zero greenhouse emissions and reduced fossil fuel reliance