1.1 Key Terms

• What is the definition of crime

  Any behaviour that is forbidden by law
• what is the definition of deviance

  any behaviour that differs from norms
• What is the definition of values

  Principles or guidelines for how we should live our lives. They tell us what is right and wrong, good and bad. E.g. having respect for your elders
• What is the definition of norms

  specific rules or socially accepted standards that govern behaviours in particular situations. e.g. it may be forbidden to look at elders directly while speaking to them, to interrupt them or to openly disagree with them
• What is the definition of moral code

  a written guide of basic rules or the care principles/standards that officers are expected to uphold e.g. openness, accountability, fairness, respect, honesty etc
• What is the definition of formal sanctions

  imposed by official bodies, punishment for breaking formal rules/laws
• What is the definition of informal sanctions

  where rules are ‘unspoken’
• What is the definition of positive sanctions

  rewards for behaviour society approves of
• What is the definition of social control

  ways in which society seeks to control our behaviour and we ensure we conform to its norms and behave as others expect us too
• What is the definition of actus reus

  a guilty act
• What is the definition of mens rea

  a guilty mind
• What is the definition of Strict liability

  In some cases intent is not required - the wrongful act on its own is enough. E.g. health and safety laws, manslaughter
• What is the definition of self-defence

  as long as the force used was not unreasonable in the situation
• What is the definition of summary offence

  less serious offences. e.g. speeding.

  Tried in magistrates
• What is the definition of indictable offences

  more serious offences. e.g. murder, rape

  tried in crown court
• What is the definition of custodial sentence

  imprisonment or detention (for young offenders)
• What is the definition of community sentence

  probation orders, curfews, course attendance, drug testing - consequences that are alternate to prison
• What is the definition of caution

  warning given by police/CPS to anyone 10+ for minor offences
• What is the definition of conditional caution

  they need to agree to specific rules/restrictions. e.g. drug treatment
• What is the definition of discharge

  involves the offender committing no further offences
• What is the definition of penalty notice

  pay the penalty and they wont get a conviction