Control of Blood Glucose and Diabetes

    Cards (23)

    • What organ monitors and controls blood glucose concentration?
      Pancreas
    • What type of gland is the pancreas?
      Endocrine gland
    • What role does the pancreas play in digestion?
      Secreting enzymes into the digestive system
    • Why must blood glucose concentration be kept within a narrow range?
      It is an example of homeostasis
    • What happens to blood glucose concentration after eating carbohydrate-rich foods?
      It increases
    • What hormone does the pancreas produce if blood glucose concentration is too high?
      Insulin
    • What effect does high blood glucose concentration have on body cells?
      Cells lose water by osmosis
    • How does insulin affect glucose levels in the bloodstream?
      It stimulates cells to take in glucose
    • Which types of cells particularly take in glucose when stimulated by insulin?
      Liver and muscle cells
    • What is excess glucose converted into for storage in liver and muscle cells?
      Glycogen
    • What is glycogen a polymer of?
      Glucose
    • What are the key functions of the pancreas?
      • Monitors blood glucose concentration
      • Produces and secretes insulin
      • Secretes digestive enzymes
    • What is Type 1 diabetes?
      A disorder with insufficient insulin production
    • Why do scientists believe Type 1 diabetes occurs?
      Immune system destroys insulin-producing pancreas cells
    • What characterizes Type 1 diabetes?
      Uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
    • How is Type 1 diabetes typically treated?
      With insulin injections
    • What happens in Type 2 diabetes regarding insulin response?
      Body cells no longer respond to insulin
    • What is the difference between insulin production in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
      Type 1 has insufficient insulin; Type 2 has normal insulin
    • What can uncontrolled high blood glucose levels lead to in Type 2 diabetes?
      Similar uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
    • What are common treatments for Type 2 diabetes?
      Carbohydrate-controlled diet and exercise
    • What is a significant risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?
      Obesity
    • Why might obesity lead to Type 2 diabetes?
      High carbohydrate diet causes insulin resistance
    • How does over-production of insulin relate to Type 2 diabetes?
      It results in the development of insulin resistance