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Biology Paper 2
Control of Blood Glucose and Diabetes
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Created by
Josie Jaggard
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Cards (23)
What organ monitors and controls blood glucose concentration?
Pancreas
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What type of gland is the pancreas?
Endocrine gland
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What role does the pancreas play in digestion?
Secreting
enzymes
into
the
digestive system
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Why must blood glucose concentration be kept within a narrow range?
It is an example of
homeostasis
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What happens to blood glucose concentration after eating carbohydrate-rich foods?
It
increases
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What hormone does the pancreas produce if blood glucose concentration is too high?
Insulin
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What effect does high blood glucose concentration have on body cells?
Cells lose water by
osmosis
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How does insulin affect glucose levels in the bloodstream?
It stimulates cells to
take in
glucose
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Which types of cells particularly take in glucose when stimulated by insulin?
Liver
and
muscle cells
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What is excess glucose converted into for storage in liver and muscle cells?
Glycogen
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What is glycogen a polymer of?
Glucose
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What are the key functions of the pancreas?
Monitors blood
glucose concentration
Produces and secretes
insulin
Secretes digestive enzymes
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What is Type 1 diabetes?
A disorder with insufficient insulin production
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Why do scientists believe Type 1 diabetes occurs?
Immune system destroys insulin-producing pancreas cells
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What characterizes Type 1 diabetes?
Uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
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How is Type 1 diabetes typically treated?
With insulin injections
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What happens in Type 2 diabetes regarding insulin response?
Body cells no longer respond to insulin
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What is the difference between insulin production in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 has
insufficient
insulin; Type 2 has
normal
insulin
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What can uncontrolled high blood glucose levels lead to in Type 2 diabetes?
Similar
uncontrolled
high
blood
glucose
levels
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What are common treatments for Type 2 diabetes?
Carbohydrate-controlled
diet and exercise
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What is a significant risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?
Obesity
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Why might obesity lead to Type 2 diabetes?
High carbohydrate diet causes
insulin resistance
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How does over-production of insulin relate to Type 2 diabetes?
It results in the development of
insulin resistance
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