germany democracy and dictatorship

• When did the unification of Germany occur?

  1871
• What event led to the unification of Germany?

  Prussia's victory in the Franco-Prussian War
• What was the German Empire formed from?

  German-speaking states of Europe
• What does the term 'Weltpolitik' refer to?

  Kaiser Wilhelm II's aggressive expansion policy
• What was the first Naval Law passed?

  Passed in 1898
• How many battleships were to be built under the First Naval Law?

  16 battleships
• What was the outcome of the Second Naval Law?

  Germany's fleet doubled to 38 ships
• What was a significant problem for Kaiser Wilhelm II's government?

  Growth of the Social Democratic Party (SPD)
• What did the SPD believe in?

  Socialism and shared wealth
• What was the impact of industrialization on rural areas?

  People moved to cities for work
• What did Kaiser Wilhelm II want for Germany's economy?

  Independence from international trade
• What does the term 'Provenance' refer to in historical sources?

  Nature, Origin, and Purpose of the source
• What does the source by Kaiser Wilhelm II reveal about his ambitions?

  His desire to build a strong navy
• Who created the Social Democratic Party (SPD)?

  Moderate and revolutionary socialists
• What was the declared aim of the SPD?

  Overthrow the existing order
• What social reforms were enacted between 1890-1894?

  Prohibition of Sunday work and child labor
• What was the impact of Wilhelm's support for social reforms?

  It diminished due to conservative opposition
• What was the purpose of Article 48 in the Weimar Constitution?

  Allowed the president to take emergency measures
• What was the immediate effect of WWI on German politics?

  Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated
• What was the social impact of WWI on German families?

  Left 600,000 widows and 2 million fatherless children
• What was the economic impact of WWI on industrial production?

  It fell to two-thirds of 1913 levels
• What political change occurred after the abdication of the Kaiser?

  Germany became a democratic republic
• What was the economic condition of national income by 1913?

  It was one-third of what it had been
• What was the impact of war pensions on the German budget by 1925?

  One-third of the budget was spent on pensions
• How did the war affect workers' perceptions of their leaders?

  Many despised their new democratic leaders
• What societal change occurred regarding women during WWI?

  Women worked in factories, challenging traditional roles
• What was the Weimar Constitution's electoral system?

  Proportional representation
• Who could vote under the Weimar Constitution?

  All men and women over 20
• What freedoms did the Weimar Constitution guarantee?

  Basic freedoms including freedom of speech
• What was a positive aspect of the Weimar political system?

  Established a democratic government with elections
• What was a negative aspect of Article 48?

  It could lead to authoritarian rule
• What was a flaw of proportional representation in the Weimar system?

  It led to unstable coalition governments
• What economic crisis did the Weimar Republic face?


  Hyperinflation in the early 1920s
• What was the reaction of Germany to the Treaty of Versailles?

  Germany was bitterly opposed to the terms
• What did the Treaty of Versailles require from Germany?

  Accept blame, pay reparations, reduce military
• What was the significance of the term 'diktat' regarding the Treaty?

  It was imposed without German negotiation
• What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Weimar Republic?

  Weakened its popularity and caused protests
• What was the Spartacist Uprising?

  A left-wing uprising in January 1919
• Who led the Spartacist Uprising?

  Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht
• What was the government’s response to the Spartacist Uprising?

  Used the Freikorps to suppress it