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week 3
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Cards (66)
What is the first step of gene expression?
From
DNA to RNA transcription
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What does DNA store and transmit?
Genetic
information
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What are catalytic RNAs called?
Ribozymes
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What roles do ribozymes have?
Cutting
,
binding
,
replicating
RNA
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What is the flow of genetic information?
DNA
→
RNA
→
Protein
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What percentage of the eukaryotic genome is represented by genes?
1-1.5%
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What determines what a cell can do?
The set of expressed
genes
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What is a gene?
A
sequence
of
DNA
for
RNA
or
protein
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What are regulatory regions in a gene?
Nucleotide
sequences that affect
gene expression
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What is the function of a promoter?
Initiates
transcription
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What indicates the end of transcription?
The
termination region
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What are introns?
Noncoding sections of
RNA
transcripts
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What are exons?
Sections that code for
functional
products
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What is the longest human gene?
DMD
, coding for
dystrophin
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Where does transcription and processing to generate mRNA occur?
In the
nucleus
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What is gene expression?
The process of producing
RNA
and
proteins
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What was the initial model of gene function?
1 gene
=
1 enzyme
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What is the modified model of gene function?
1 gene = 1
polypeptide
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What types of RNAs do some genes encode?
tRNA
,
miRNA
,
rRNA
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What is transcription?
Copying
DNA
information into
RNA
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What are the three major classes of RNA?
mRNA
,
tRNA
,
rRNA
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What is required to initiate transcription?
A starting
DNA template
and
transcription unit
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In which direction does transcription occur?
5'
to
3'
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What strand is used as a template for transcription?
The
template strand
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What enzyme synthesizes RNA?
RNA polymerase
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What does the transcription unit consist of?
Promoter
,
RNA coding region
,
terminator
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What is the first nucleotide transcribed numbered as?
+
1
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What happens during the initiation stage of transcription?
The
transcription machinery
binds to the
promoter
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What occurs during the elongation stage of transcription?
RNA polymerase
synthesizes RNA
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What happens during the termination stage of transcription?
The
enzyme
dissociates and releases
RNA
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What is required for transcription initiation in eukaryotes?
Accessory proteins
and
RNA polymerase
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How many main RNA polymerases exist in eukaryotes?
Three
: RNA polymerase I, II, III
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What does RNA polymerase II transcribe?
Genes encoding
proteins
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What is the core promoter in RNA polymerase II promoters?
The region recognized by
transcription factors
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What is the TATA box?
A sequence in the core promoter recognized by
TFIID
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What do transcription factors bind to in the regulatory promoter?
Enhancers
or
silencers
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What is the role of the mediator in transcription?
Regulates the
speed
of transcription
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What happens during abortive initiation?
Short
RNA
strands are synthesized before
elongation
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What occurs during elongation in transcription?
RNA polymerase
moves downstream to
synthesize
RNA
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What is the enzymatic activity of Rat1?
Degrades extra RNA stretch after
transcription
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See all 66 cards
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