week 3

    Cards (66)

    • What is the first step of gene expression?
      From DNA to RNA transcription
    • What does DNA store and transmit?
      Genetic information
    • What are catalytic RNAs called?
      Ribozymes
    • What roles do ribozymes have?
      Cutting, binding, replicating RNA
    • What is the flow of genetic information?
      DNARNAProtein
    • What percentage of the eukaryotic genome is represented by genes?
      1-1.5%
    • What determines what a cell can do?
      The set of expressed genes
    • What is a gene?
      A sequence of DNA for RNA or protein
    • What are regulatory regions in a gene?
      Nucleotide sequences that affect gene expression
    • What is the function of a promoter?
      Initiates transcription
    • What indicates the end of transcription?
      The termination region
    • What are introns?
      Noncoding sections of RNA transcripts
    • What are exons?
      Sections that code for functional products
    • What is the longest human gene?
      DMD, coding for dystrophin
    • Where does transcription and processing to generate mRNA occur?
      In the nucleus
    • What is gene expression?
      The process of producing RNA and proteins
    • What was the initial model of gene function?
      1 gene = 1 enzyme
    • What is the modified model of gene function?
      1 gene = 1 polypeptide
    • What types of RNAs do some genes encode?
      tRNA, miRNA, rRNA
    • What is transcription?
      Copying DNA information into RNA
    • What are the three major classes of RNA?
      mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
    • What is required to initiate transcription?
      A starting DNA template and transcription unit
    • In which direction does transcription occur?
      5' to 3'
    • What strand is used as a template for transcription?
      The template strand
    • What enzyme synthesizes RNA?
      RNA polymerase
    • What does the transcription unit consist of?
      Promoter, RNA coding region, terminator
    • What is the first nucleotide transcribed numbered as?
      +1
    • What happens during the initiation stage of transcription?
      The transcription machinery binds to the promoter
    • What occurs during the elongation stage of transcription?
      RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA
    • What happens during the termination stage of transcription?
      The enzyme dissociates and releases RNA
    • What is required for transcription initiation in eukaryotes?
      Accessory proteins and RNA polymerase
    • How many main RNA polymerases exist in eukaryotes?
      Three: RNA polymerase I, II, III
    • What does RNA polymerase II transcribe?
      Genes encoding proteins
    • What is the core promoter in RNA polymerase II promoters?
      The region recognized by transcription factors
    • What is the TATA box?
      A sequence in the core promoter recognized by TFIID
    • What do transcription factors bind to in the regulatory promoter?
      Enhancers or silencers
    • What is the role of the mediator in transcription?
      Regulates the speed of transcription
    • What happens during abortive initiation?
      Short RNA strands are synthesized before elongation
    • What occurs during elongation in transcription?
      RNA polymerase moves downstream to synthesize RNA
    • What is the enzymatic activity of Rat1?
      Degrades extra RNA stretch after transcription
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