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Pharmacology
Week 2
Drug Absorption
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Cards (26)
What is drug absorption?
Movement of a drug into the
blood
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How does drug absorption influence drug effectiveness?
It
affects
how
well
the
drug
works
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What does the rate of absorption influence?
How quickly a drug can have
effects
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Why is quick absorption important for headache relief?
To reduce pain levels rapidly
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What happens if there is little drug absorption?
Not much of the dose reaches the
blood
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What is the therapeutic range?
Range of drug
concentration
for effectiveness
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What are the factors affecting drug absorption?
Lipid solubility
Activity of
drug transporters
Drug
ionization
Gastric emptying
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How does lipid solubility affect drug absorption?
More
lipophilic
drugs cross
membranes
easily
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Why do hydrophilic drugs need transport proteins?
To improve their
absorption
into cells
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What is the role of uptake transporters?
They move drugs into
cells
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What do efflux transporters do?
They decrease
drug absorption
by moving drugs out
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How does drug ionization affect absorption?
Ionized drugs are less
lipophilic
and absorb poorly
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Where is the optimal site of absorption for oral medications?
Small intestine
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Why is the stomach not ideal for drug absorption?
It has a thick
mucus layer
and
low pH
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What factors affect gastric emptying?
Consistency
of food,
meal composition
, body position
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How does liquid consistency affect gastric emptying?
Liquids move faster than
solid foods
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How does a fatty meal affect gastric emptying?
It slows down
stomach motility
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How does body position influence gastric emptying?
Sitting
or
standing
increases gastric emptying
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Why does lying on the right side affect gastric emptying?
Pyloric sphincter
is oriented to the right
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How can other medications affect gastric emptying?
They can change the
rate of absorption
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What effect do opioids have on GI motility?
They
inhibit
GI
motility
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Why might a weak acid be absorbed more efficiently in the stomach?
Stomach has a
low pH
, favoring
non-ionization
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Why are oral drugs, including weak acids, absorbed in the small intestine?
Small
intestine
has
a
larger
surface
area
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How does the amount of drug absorption affect its effects?
More absorption leads to more
intense
effects
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How does the speed of absorption influence drug action?
Faster absorption leads to quicker
effects
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What is the relationship between drug absorption and the therapeutic window?
More absorption increases drug
concentration
in blood
Faster absorption leads to quicker therapeutic effects
Therapeutic window defines effective drug concentration range
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