Definitions of abnormality

• What does the prefix "psycho" refer to in psychopathology?

  The mind
• What does "pathology" mean in the context of psychopathology?

  The study of disease
• What mental health conditions are covered in the psychopathology video series?

  • OCD
  • Depression
  • Phobias
• Which psychological approach is applied to phobias?

  The behaviorist approach
• Which psychological approach is applied to depression?

  The cognitive approach
• Which psychological approach is applied to OCD?

  The biological approach
• Why is defining mental abnormality challenging?

  Clear definitions are difficult to establish
• What are the four competing definitions of abnormality discussed?

  1. Statistical infrequency
  2. Failure to function adequately
  3. Deviation from social norms
  4. Deviation from ideal mental health
• What does the statistical infrequency definition state?

  Rare mental conditions indicate abnormality
• How is statistical infrequency measured?

  Using population statistics
• What is the average IQ score according to the statistical infrequency definition?

  100
• How many standard deviations away from the average IQ is considered abnormal?

  Two standard deviations
• What is a positive evaluation of statistical infrequency?

  It objectively measures low IQ
• What is a criticism of statistical infrequency regarding low intelligence?

  Cutoff points are subjective decisions
• Why might high intelligence be a problem for statistical infrequency?

  It includes high intelligence as abnormal
• What is a limitation of the statistical infrequency definition regarding common conditions?

  It doesn't account for common disorders
• What does the failure to function adequately definition consider?

  • Ability to cope in daily life
  • Interaction with the world
  • Meeting daily challenges
• What are some features of failure to function according to Rosenhan and Seligman?

  Maladaptive behavior, personal anguish, observer discomfort
• What is maladaptive behavior?

  Behaviors against long-term interests
• What does personal anguish refer to in failure to function?

  Suffering from anxiety and distress
• What is observer discomfort?

  Behavior causing distress to others
• What does rationality refer to in failure to function?

  Understanding motivations behind behavior
• What is unconventionality in the context of failure to function?

  Behavior that goes against societal expectations
• What is a criticism of the failure to function definition?

  Subjective observer opinions affect judgments
• Why might psychopaths be excluded from the failure to function definition?

  They can function successfully in society
• What is a criticism regarding maladaptive behavior?

  Not all maladaptive behaviors indicate illness
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the failure to function definition?

  Strengths:

  • Respects individual experiences
  • Focuses on personal distress

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Subjective judgments
  • Excludes some abnormal individuals
• What is a social norm?

  An unwritten expectation of behavior
• How do social norms vary?

  They can change over time and culture
• What happens when someone deviates from social norms?

  They may be seen as abnormal
• How does culture affect social norms?

  Norms vary greatly between cultures
• What is a positive aspect of deviation from social norms?

  It respects cultural differences
• What is a criticism of deviation from social norms?

  It can punish individuality and expression
• What does Jahoda's deviation from ideal mental health definition focus on?

  Ways to improve mental health
• What are the six features of ideal mental health according to Jahoda?

  1. Environmental mastery
  2. Autonomy
  3. Resistance to stress
  4. Self-actualization
  5. Positive attitude towards oneself
  6. Accurate perception of reality
• What is environmental mastery?

  The ability to adapt and thrive
• What does autonomy refer to in Jahoda's definition?

  Acting independently and trusting oneself
• What is resistance to stress?

  Internal strength to cope with anxiety
• What is self-actualization?

  Reaching one's potential through growth
• What does a positive attitude towards oneself indicate?

  High self-esteem and self-respect