Pasar cutie 1

• Agroforestry

  • the combined cultivation of tree species and agricultural crops, is an ancient and still widespread practice throughout the world. It encompasses a variety of land use practices and systems. Agroforestry is an old practice but relatively new as a science.
• Agroforestry

  • a collective name for land-use systems and technologies where woody perennials (trees, shrubs, palms, bamboos, etc.} are deliberately used in the same land management unit as agricultural crops and/or animals together in some form of spatial arrangement or temporal sequence (Lundren and Raintree, 1983).
• agroforestry

  • the third land-use method after agriculture and forestry and combines the technologies from the two other methods for more sustainable and productive land-use.

   
• Alley Cropping System - an agroforestry system which involves planting of hedgerows along the contours and growing agricultural crops in the “alleys” formed between two hedgerows.
• Bench terracing - consists of building level or nearly level strips along contours at appropriate intervals. This terracing technology is suitable for steep slopes up to 55% to reduce surface flow and soils erosion, as well as to increase the soil infiltration rate.

   
• Boundary Planting - planting of multipurpose trees and shrubs (MPTS) around the farm is a very common practice. They provide protection, privacy, and valuable products to the farmers. Trees are planted within property line as fence, or as demarcation of farm lots.

   
• Fascines - these are simply bundles of long and dense brushwood use for soil/slope stabilization it can have a diameter of 25-30 cm and a length of 1-1.5 m. They can weigh as much as 14 kg which can be quite handy to transport.
• Forest farming - a form of agroforestry that involves the cultivation of high value non-timber crops under the protection of a forest canopy that has been modified to provide shade level appropriate for a specific crop
• Hedgerows

  • a collective name for strips of vegetation planted along the contours or across the hill- or mountainside in order to slow down the flow of surface runoff and the movement of detached soil particles.
• Home garden - an agroforestry system in small residential area where the upper canopy is usually planted w/ bananas, coconut, mango, jackfruit, & guava; under which Ube are planted and twined on the fruit trees. In most cases, with Ipil-ipil and 'kakawate' served as live fences.
• Land - a complex and dynamic combination of factors-geology, topography, hydrology, soils, microclimates, and communities of plants and animals-that are continually interacting under the influence of climate and of people's activities.
• Live Fences/Boundary planting - lanting of trees around a farm or homelot is a very common practice in the rural. This is done to provide protection, privacy and annual products to the farmers
• Multi-storey - An agroforestry system characterized by randomly mixing various species that create at least two layers of canopy.
• Multi-storey

  -       It mimics the structure of a tropical rainforest.
• Multi-storey

  -       the upper canopy is composed of light-demanding species, while the understorey is made up of shade-tolerant species
• Multi-storey

  -       an agroforestry system found to be the most ecologically sound in terms of soil fertility maintenance;
• Multiple use - harmonized utilization of the numerous beneficial uses of the land, soil, water, wildlife, recreational value, grass and timber of forest lands. (P.D. 389; P.D. 705; P.D. 1559).
• Multiple use

  -  coordinated management of all various resources of the public forest so that they are used in the combination that will best contributes to the long-term socioeconomic development of the country, without impairing the productivity of the land. (Browning, BFD Multiple Use Workshop}.
• Multiple use

  • the operation of a forest unit for the production of a desired mix of goods and services without impairing the productivity of the land and providing sustained yield of such products. (Revilla, et al.).
• Multiple use

  • the efficient management of the forest ecosystem in a manner that provides an optimal combination of forest goods and services and at the same time satisfies acceptable levels of amenities to human society and to the forest ecosystem through time.
• Multiple Use Management - management of land resources with the objective of achieving optimum yields of products and services from a given area without impairing the productive capacity of the site.
• Multiple Use Management

  -       Land management for more than one purpose, such as timber/wood production, water quality, wildlife, recreation, clean air and water, and aesthetics. Multiple-use management is a system that manages all the renewable resources of forestland.
• Multiple Use Management

  -       concept of forest management that combines two or more objectives, such as production of wood or wood-derivative products, forage and browse for domestic livestock, proper environmental conditions for wildlife, landscape effects, protection against floods and erosion, recreation, and protection of the quality and quantity of water supplies.
• Multiple crop farming – the system of upland farming in which two or more crops best suited to the land are combined.
• Protein Bank

  - established as small stands on certain portions of the farm or pasture area serving as a     supplementary source of fodder for livestock.
• Riparian forest buffers

  - a form of agroforestry that intercept and reduce the impact of non-point source pollution associated with agricultural operations on land adjacent to waterways.
• Silvipasture - an agroforestry scheme where the cattle are allowed to graze under the Aleurites moluccanna trees where improved forage grasses are grown
• Silvopastoral system. Combines trees with animals. The benefits derived from this system are: reduced fire hazard, organic fertilizers from cow dung, meat supply for workers, plantation is keep clean, farm investment is maximized, and seed collection is facilitated the combination of woody perennials with livestock production. This system includes: livestock production - livestock-under-tree, protein bank (fodder bank), live fence, and hedgerow planting of improved pasture grasses and/or other fodder trees or shrubs.
• 
  

  Taungya

  - An agroforestry system that involve planting of cash or food crops between newly planted forest seedlings in a reforestation project
• Taungya

  • widely used by forestry departments in the tropics as an efficient method of plantation establishment
• Terracing

  - a soil and water conservation technique that cut the length of slopes so as to disrupt water run-off velocity
• Wattling- This consists of stems/rods of sprouting species like sunflower, 'lantana' (Lantana camara), and 'binatang hambog' (Hibiscus schizopetalus) interwoven together.
• Windbreak system. Also known as shelterbelts,- are narrow strips of vegetation, usually trees, shrubs, and/or grasses, strategically planted to protect an area from destructive winds.
• windbreak system

  • refers to the linear plantings of trees and shrubs designed to enhance crop production, protection of people, properties, livestock, soil & water