dynamic development

• What is development defined as?

  The act or process of developing
• What characterizes advanced countries (ACs)?

  High degrees of financial markets
• What are Emerging and Developing Countries (EDCs)?

  Countries not fully economically developed
• What defines Low-income developing countries (LIDCs)?

  Countries eligible for IMF financial support
• What are the characteristics of advanced countries (ACs)?

  • Modern and varied buildings
  • Stable and safe services
  • Commercialized farming
  • Effective law enforcement
  • Examples: UK, USA, Australia, Germany
• What are the characteristics of Emerging and Developing Countries (EDCs)?

  • Secondary industry and small-scale farming
  • Income disparity between rich and poor
  • Some corruption in human rights
  • Highly enforced military
  • Examples: China, Mexico, Chile
• What are the characteristics of Low-income developing countries (LIDCs)?

  • Poverty and malnutrition
  • Poor infrastructure
  • Large disparity of wealth
  • Mainly rural and traditional culture
  • Examples: Mali, Ethiopia, Uganda
• What social development measures are important for assessing development?

  • Birth rate (BR)
  • Death rate (DR)
  • Quality of life
  • Literacy rate
  • Life expectancy
  • Access to education
  • Doctors per 1000 people
  • Infant mortality
• How is birth rate defined?

  Number of live births per thousand
• What does death rate measure?

  Deaths per year for every 1,000 people
• What is infant mortality?

  Deaths of children under 1 year per 1,000 live births
• How is quality of life defined?

  Standard of health, comfort, and happiness
• What economic development measures are important for assessing development?

  • GNI per capita
  • Standard of living
  • Absolute poverty
  • GDP per capita
  • Relative poverty
  • Employment type
• What is standard of living?

  Level of economic well-being of an individual
• What is absolute poverty?

  Inability to afford basic human needs
• What is relative poverty?

  Lacking an adequate living income
• What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?

  Life expectancy, education, and GNI per capita
• What are the different sectors of the economy?

  • Primary sector: Agriculture and raw materials
  • Secondary sector: Manufacturing and construction
  • Tertiary sector: Providing services
  • Quaternary sector: High tech and research
• What does the Clark-Fisher model illustrate?

  Changes in employment structure over time
• What is the development gap?

  Difference between developed and less-developed countries
• What human factors affect development?

  • Politics
  • Healthcare
  • History (e.g., colonialism)
  • Technology
  • Culture
• What physical factors affect development?

  • Natural resources
  • Natural hazards
  • Climate
  • Location and terrain
• How does poor healthcare affect poverty?

  It lowers life expectancy and work capacity
• How does politics and corruption affect poverty?

  Corrupt governments won't invest in infrastructure
• How does trade impact poverty?

  Workers aren't paid enough due to unfair prices
• How does debt affect poverty?

  Countries can't invest locally due to debt
• What is a tariff?

  A tax on imported or exported goods
• What is a quota?

  A limit on the quantity of goods imported
• What is a trading bloc?

  An agreement to reduce trade barriers
• What is aid?

  Resources given to help another country
• What is bilateral aid?

  Aid where the receiving country gives back
• What is multilateral aid?

  Aid provided by many countries organized
• What are the differences between top down and bottom up schemes of aid?

  • Top down schemes: Government initiated, trickle-down effect
  • Bottom up schemes: NGO initiated, directly to communities
• Where is Ethiopia located?

  Eastern side of Africa, landlocked
• What is the population of Ethiopia?

  Around 94 million
• What is the land area of Ethiopia?

  Around 1.1 million km²
• How is Ethiopia's economic development characterized?

  One of the fastest growing countries by IMF
• What is Ethiopia's GDP?

  $79.74 billion
• What are the social development statistics of Ethiopia?

  • Over 80% live in rural areas
  • 49.1% literacy rate
  • More than 40% of the population are under 5 years
• What are the technological development aspects of Ethiopia?

  • 57 airports across the country
  • Only 24% have access to electricity
  • 36% of the economy is from agriculture