cloning

• • plants can be cloned by:
  • tissue culture
  • cuttinga
• cuttings:

  • cuttings takn from parent plant and planted to produce identical plants
  • can be produced quickly and cheaply
• embryo transplants:

  • embryo split before becoming specialised
  • identical embryos implanted into host mothers
• adult cell cloning:

  • nucleus removed from unfertilised egg cell
  • nucleus from adult body cell inserted into egg cell electric shock stimulates egg to divide to form embryo
  • emybro has same genetic information as adult body cell
  • when embryo developed into ball of cells, is implanted into womb of adult female
• cons:

  • reduced gene pool
  • cloned animals may not be as healthy as normal ones
  • potential human cloning in future
• pros:

  • study of animal clones can lead to more understanding of development of embryo
  • can be used to preserve endangered species