L7A: Respiratory system (anatomy of the lungs)

Cards (64)

  • What is internal respiration?
    Use of oxygen by cells
  • What is external respiration?
    Transfer of gas from atmosphere to cells
  • What are the key functions of respiration?
    Gas exchange, host defence, and metabolism
  • What is the conducting zone responsible for?
    Moving gases to and from atmosphere and lungs
  • What is the respiratory zone's function?
    Where gases are exchanged
  • What are the components of the conduction airways?
    • Nasal cavity
    • Mouth
    • Pharynx
    • Larynx
    • Trachea
    • Bronchi
    • Bronchioles
  • What is the role of conducting airways?
    Facilitates air movement and conditions air
  • How does air get conditioned in the conducting airways?
    Warmed, filtered, and moistened
  • What is the function of mucus and cilia in the conducting airways?
    Remove inhaled particles
  • What is the structural characteristic of conducting airways?
    Rigid but flexible
  • What type of epithelium lines the conducting system?
    Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
  • What do goblet cells secrete?
    Mucus to trap particles
  • What is the function of cilia in the conducting airways?
    Move trapped particles
  • What do serous glands secrete?
    Water anti-bacterial substance
  • What is the role of the nasal cavity?
    Humidification, warming, and filtering of air
  • What do the three conchae bones provide?
    Large surface area
  • What is the function of the oropharynx?
    Common path for food and air
  • What connects the oropharynx to the trachea?
    Larynx
  • What is the role of the larynx?
    Contains vocal cords and directs food/air
  • What connects the larynx to the lungs?
    Trachea
  • What is the function of the trachea?
    Facilitates air movement and particle clearance
  • What structural feature does the trachea have?
    C-shaped cartilage rings
  • How does the trachea maintain its structure?
    Non-collapsing but flexible
  • What allows coughing in the trachea?
    Smooth muscle contracting rings
  • What do the primary bronchi branch into?
    Secondary bronchi
  • How many secondary bronchi does the right primary bronchus split into?
    Three smaller secondary bronchi
  • How many secondary bronchi does the left primary bronchus split into?
    Two smaller secondary bronchi
  • What do secondary bronchi divide into?
    Tertiary bronchi
  • What do tertiary bronchi become?
    Bronchioles
  • What do terminal bronchioles branch into?
    Respiratory bronchioles
  • Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
    In lobules of the lungs
  • What are lobules made of?
    Bronchioles and alveolar ducts
  • Where does gas exchange take place?
    In respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
  • How many alveoli are in an adult?
    300 million alveoli
  • What is the function of the respiratory membrane?
    Minimum barrier to diffusion
  • What allows efficient gas exchange in alveoli?
    Rich blood supply
  • What type of cells are Type 1 alveolar cells?
    Thin squamous epithelia
  • What do Type 2 alveolar cells secrete?
    Surfactant to stop alveoli collapsing
  • What is the role of macrophages in alveoli?
    Remove small particles and phagocytose bacteria
  • What is the function of alveolar surfactant?
    Lowers surface tension and stabilizes structure