Obedience: Milgram’s research

• What is the main focus of Milgram's obedience study?

  Understanding why people obey authority
• What are the key evaluation points of Milgram's study?

  • Low internal validity
  • Good external validity
  • Supporting replication
• What alternative explanation is provided for obedience in Milgram's study?

  Social identity theory
• What percentage of participants stopped at 300 volts in Milgram's study?

  12.5%
• What behavior did participants exhibit under extreme tension during Milgram's study?

  Signs of nervous laughter and nail biting
• How did Milgram's findings compare to predictions made by psychology students?

  Students predicted only 3% would continue
• What were the four standard prods used by the experimenter in Milgram's study?

  1. Please continue, or Please go on.
  2. The experiment requires that you continue.
  3. It is absolutely essential that you continue.
  4. You have no other choice, you must go on.
• What was the maximum shock level participants could administer in Milgram's study?

  450 volts
• What ethical issue did Diana Baumrind raise regarding Milgram's study?

  Deception of participants
• Why is deception considered undesirable in psychological research?

  It can damage trust in psychology
• What did Rank and Jacobson (1977) replicate in their study?

  Hofling et al.'s conclusion about nurses
• What was the context of the drug used in Rank and Jacobson's study?

  An unknown drug called Astroten
• What was the outcome of Rank and Jacobson's study regarding nurse obedience?

  18 nurses obeyed the doctor's orders
• What is the difference between obedience and conformity?

  • Obedience: Following direct orders from authority
  • Conformity: Adjusting behavior to match group norms
• Who conducted the original obedience study in 1963?

  Stanley Milgram
• What was the age range of participants in Milgram's study?

  20 to 50 years old
• How did Milgram's study address the concept of authority?

  By examining obedience to an authority figure
• What ethical guidelines were established due to Milgram's research?

  • Right to withdraw
  • Informed consent
  • Debriefing participants
• What was the role of the 'learner' in Milgram's study?

  To receive electric shocks for mistakes
• What did Milgram's participants believe about the electric shocks?

  They believed the shocks were real
• How did the use of prods affect participant obedience in Milgram's study?

  Fourth prod led to decreased obedience
• What were the signs of tension observed in Milgram's participants?

  • Sweating
  • Trembling
  • Stuttering
  • Nail biting
  • Groaning
• What was the purpose of Milgram's follow-up questionnaire?

  To assess participants' feelings post-experiment
• What did Milgram conclude about the behavior of his participants?

  It was entirely normal under stress
• How does social identity theory explain obedience in Milgram's study?

  Participants identified with the experimenter
• What are the implications of Haslam's analysis of Milgram's study?

  • Obedience is not blind
  • Identification affects obedience levels
  • Group dynamics influence behavior
• What was the main criticism of Milgram's treatment of participants by Baumrind?

  Deception regarding the study's nature
• Why is it important to critique Milgram's study?

  To improve ethical standards in research