Obedience: social-psychological factors

• Who conducted the study related to obedience and authority figures?

  Milgram
• What does the term 'agentic state' refer to?

  A mental state of no personal responsibility
• In an agentic state, how do individuals perceive their actions?

  As acting for an authority figure
• What is the significance of the 'agentic shift' in Milgram's study?

  It explains the transition to obedience
• What did Blass and Schmitt (2001) find regarding responsibility in Milgram's study?

  Students blamed the experimenter for harm
• What type of authority did students recognize as causing obedience in Blass and Schmitt's study?

  Legitimate authority
• What limitation does the agentic shift explanation have according to the text?

  It doesn't explain all disobedient behavior
• How does Hofling et al.'s study challenge the agentic shift explanation?

  Nurses showed less anxiety than expected
• What cultural differences did Kilham and Mann (1974) find in obedience levels?

  Only 16% obeyed in Australia
• What percentage of German participants obeyed in Mantell's study?

  85%
• How do cultural differences affect perceptions of authority?

  They influence acceptance of authority figures
• What does the 'obedience alibi' suggest about the agentic state explanation?

  It cannot fully explain Nazi behavior
• What incident did Mandel (1998) describe to challenge the agentic state explanation?

  German Reserve Police Battalion 101 shooting civilians
• How does the legitimacy of authority explanation relate to real-life war crimes?

  It explains obedience in military hierarchies
• What is the definition of 'legitimacy of authority'?

  Perceived authority justifies obedience
• What are the key terms associated with Milgram's explanations for obedience?

  Agentic state and legitimacy of authority
• What are the main components of the agentic state explanation?

  • No personal responsibility
  • Acting as an agent for authority
  • Freedom from conscience demands
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the legitimacy of authority explanation?

  Strengths:

  • Explains cultural differences in obedience
  • Validated by cross-cultural research

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Doesn't account for all disobedience
  • Limited in explaining Nazi behavior
• What methods can be used to study obedience?

  • Surveys and questionnaires
  • Experiments in controlled settings
  • Observational studies
• What are the implications of Milgram's findings on obedience in society?

  • Understanding authority's influence
  • Recognizing potential for harmful obedience
  • Importance of ethical considerations in research
• What is the main focus of Milgram's study?

  Obedience
• What are the two social-psychological explanations for obedience proposed by Milgram?

  Agentic state and legitimacy of authority
• What does the term 'agentic state' refer to?

  A mental state with no personal responsibility
• How does the legitimacy of authority influence obedience?

  We obey those perceived to have authority
• What does 'autonomous state' mean?

  Being independent and responsible for actions
• What is the 'agentic shift'?

  Transition from autonomy to agency
• What are binding factors in Milgram's study?

  Aspects that minimize moral strain
• How do individuals use binding factors?

  To ignore the damaging effects of behavior
• What did Milgram observe about participants wanting to quit?

  They seemed unable to do so
• What is the role of legitimate authority in society?

  It allows society to function smoothly
• What happens when legitimate authority becomes destructive?

  It can lead to cruel and dangerous behavior
• What historical figures exemplify destructive authority?

  Hitler, Stalin, Pol Pot
• What does Milgram's study illustrate about obedience?

  Obedience can occur against one's conscience
• How does cultural context affect legitimacy of authority?

  Countries differ in acceptance of authority
• What limitation does the 'obedience alibi' present?

  It doesn't explain all obedience situations
• What incident illustrates the 'obedience alibi' limitation?

  German soldiers obeying orders to shoot civilians
• What is a key criticism of the agentic state explanation?

  It doesn't explain why all humans obey
• How do children learn acceptance of legitimate authority?

  From parents, teachers, and adults
• What is the significance of Milgram's findings on obedience?

  They reveal the power of authority figures
• What is the impact of social hierarchies on obedience?

  They influence how individuals respond to authority