Cell division

• What is a stem cell?

  Undifferentiated cell that can differentiate
• What are adult stem cells?

  Stem cells from adults that can differentiate
• Where can adult stem cells be found?

  Bone marrow
• What are embryonic stem cells?

  Stem cells from embryos that can differentiate
• Where are embryonic stem cells found?

  Early human embryos from fertility clinics
• What is therapeutic cloning?

  Creating an embryo from a patient's cells
• Give one advantage of using therapeutic cloning.

  Stem cells are not rejected by the patient
• Give one advantage of using adult stem cells.

  Easier to obtain than embryonic stem cells
• Give two disadvantages of using adult stem cells.

  Limited differentiation and donor availability
• Give two advantages of using embryonic stem cells.

  Can differentiate into any cell and easier to cultivate
• Give two disadvantages of using embryonic stem cells.

  Ethical issues and potential viral infections
• What are plant meristems?

  Area of rapid cell division in plants
• Give two advantages of using plant meristems to clone plants.

  Cloning special features and decreased genetic variation
• Give one disadvantage of using plant meristems to clone plants.

  Entire crop vulnerable to a single disease
• What is cell division by mitosis?

  Body cells divide to form identical daughter cells
• What is the purpose of mitosis?

  Growth, repair, and asexual reproduction
• What happens during the first stage of the cell cycle?

  Cell grows, chromosomes duplicate, structures increase
• What happens during mitosis?

  Chromosomes are pulled to each end, nucleus divides
• What happens during the third stage of the cell cycle?

  Cytoplasm and membrane divide, forming daughter cells
• What is the term for cell division in bacteria?

  Binary fission
• What is the significance of stem cells in medicine?

  They can treat various diseases through differentiation
• How do adult stem cells differ from embryonic stem cells in terms of differentiation?

  Adult stem cells have limited differentiation potential