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Psychology
Research methods
Ethical issues
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Created by
Evie Marsden
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Cards (28)
What is an ethical issue in research?
A conflict between
researcher
requirements and
participant
rights
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What are the types of ethical issues in research?
Informed consent
Deception
Protection from harm
Confidentiality
Privacy
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What is informed consent in research?
Participants
must be informed to consent
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What is a risk associated with informed consent?
It may lead to
demand characteristics
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What do participants sign to indicate consent?
A
consent form
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What happens if participants consent but later want to withdraw?
They can
withdraw
at any
time
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Why might researchers use deception in studies?
To
prevent
demand characteristics
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What is a debrief in research?
Informing
participants
of the true study purpose
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What should participants be informed about during a debrief?
True
purposes
and any
deception
used
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What is the requirement for participant protection in research?
Leave
in
the
same
state
as
entered
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How can researchers deal with potential distress in participants?
Stop the investigation if
undue distress
is detected
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What is confidentiality in research?
Participants should not be
identifiable
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How can researchers anonymize participants?
Using
numbers
or
letters
for identification
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What is privacy in research?
Control over
information
flow about oneself
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How can privacy be maintained in field experiments?
By studying behaviors in public places
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What are alternatives to informed consent?
Presumptive consent
Prior general consent
Retrospective consent
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What is presumptive consent?
Consent assumed from a
similar sample's
agreement
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What is prior general consent?
Participants agree to studies that may involve
deception
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What is retrospective consent?
Consent given after the study during
debrief
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What does the BPS code of ethics provide?
Guidelines on ethical dilemmas in
research
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What are the ethical principles of the BPS code?
Respect
,
competence
,
responsibility
,
integrity
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What happens if researchers violate the BPS code of ethics?
They risk losing their
job
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How does the BPS code protect participants?
By reviewing
unethical
research practices
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What is a cost-benefit analysis in research?
Weighing
research
costs
against potential
benefits
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What must researchers consider in a cost-benefit analysis?
Harm to
participants
and societal benefits
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Who approves research proposals based on cost-benefit analysis?
The ethics committee of the institution
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What is a limitation of cost-benefit analysis?
It is impossible to predict
costs
and
benefits
exactly
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of the BPS code of ethics?
Strengths:
Protects
participants
Provides clear
guidelines
Weaknesses:
Cannot cover every situation
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