Ethical issues

    Cards (28)

    • What is an ethical issue in research?
      A conflict between researcher requirements and participant rights
    • What are the types of ethical issues in research?
      • Informed consent
      • Deception
      • Protection from harm
      • Confidentiality
      • Privacy
    • What is informed consent in research?
      Participants must be informed to consent
    • What is a risk associated with informed consent?
      It may lead to demand characteristics
    • What do participants sign to indicate consent?
      A consent form
    • What happens if participants consent but later want to withdraw?
      They can withdraw at any time
    • Why might researchers use deception in studies?
      To prevent demand characteristics
    • What is a debrief in research?
      Informing participants of the true study purpose
    • What should participants be informed about during a debrief?
      True purposes and any deception used
    • What is the requirement for participant protection in research?
      Leave in the same state as entered
    • How can researchers deal with potential distress in participants?
      Stop the investigation if undue distress is detected
    • What is confidentiality in research?
      Participants should not be identifiable
    • How can researchers anonymize participants?
      Using numbers or letters for identification
    • What is privacy in research?
      Control over information flow about oneself
    • How can privacy be maintained in field experiments?
      By studying behaviors in public places
    • What are alternatives to informed consent?
      • Presumptive consent
      • Prior general consent
      • Retrospective consent
    • What is presumptive consent?
      Consent assumed from a similar sample's agreement
    • What is prior general consent?
      Participants agree to studies that may involve deception
    • What is retrospective consent?
      Consent given after the study during debrief
    • What does the BPS code of ethics provide?
      Guidelines on ethical dilemmas in research
    • What are the ethical principles of the BPS code?
      Respect, competence, responsibility, integrity
    • What happens if researchers violate the BPS code of ethics?
      They risk losing their job
    • How does the BPS code protect participants?
      By reviewing unethical research practices
    • What is a cost-benefit analysis in research?
      Weighing research costs against potential benefits
    • What must researchers consider in a cost-benefit analysis?
      Harm to participants and societal benefits
    • Who approves research proposals based on cost-benefit analysis?
      The ethics committee of the institution
    • What is a limitation of cost-benefit analysis?
      It is impossible to predict costs and benefits exactly
    • What are the strengths and weaknesses of the BPS code of ethics?
      Strengths:
      • Protects participants
      • Provides clear guidelines

      Weaknesses:
      • Cannot cover every situation