the five kingdoms
Cards (27)
- what are the five kingdoms?
- prokaryotae
- anamalia
- plantae
- fungi
- protoctista
- state the general features of prokaryotae
- no nucleus but ring of DNA
- ribosomes
- no visible feeding mechanism so absorb nutrients
- unicellular
- state the general features of protoctista
- mainly unicellular
- a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
- some have chloroplasts
- some sessile, some move by flagella/cilia
- nutrients acquired by photosynthesis (autotrophic feeders) or ingestion of other organisms (heterotrophic) or both (parasitic)
- what are the general features of fungi?
- unicellular/multicellular
- nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- chitin cell wall
- no chloroplasts/chlorophyll
- no mechanisms for locomotion
- body/threads of hyphae
- absorb nutrients from decaying material (saprophytic) some are parasitic
- most store food as glycogen
- state the general features of plantae?
- Multicellular
- photosynthetic (autotrophic)
- cell walls made of cellulose,
- chloroplasts containing chlorophyll
- nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- store food as starch
- state the general features of anamalia
- multicellular
- a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- no chloroplasts
- move with cilia/flagella
- heterotrophic feeders (nutrients acquired by ingestion)
- food stored as glycogen
- which of the five kingdoms contain a nucleus?
- anamalia
- plantae
- fungi
- protoctista
- which of the five kingdoms can occur as unicellular organisms?
- bacteria
- protoctista
- fungi (can be multicellular as well)
- which of the five kingdoms can store food as glycogen?
- fungi
- anamalia
- which organisms can be heterotrophic?
- anamalia
- protoctista
- which organisms can be parasitic?protoctista
- which organisms can be autotrophic?
- bacteria (some)
- protoctista (some)
- plantae
- which organisms can be saprophytic?fungi
- what is the name given to an organism that acquires food by photosynthesis?autotrophic
- what is the name given to organisms that acquire food by ingestion?heterotrophic
- what is the name given to organisms that acquire food by feeding on other organisms?saprophytic
- what is the name given to organisms that can acquire food by eating other organisms OR by photosynthesising?parasitic
- which of the five kingdoms can contain chloroplasts?
- plantae
- protoctista
- why have classification systems evolved and what evidence led to these system evolving?
- As organisms evolve, their internal and external features change
- DNA determines the proteins that are made, therefore determines an organisms characteristics
- similarities in DNA and proteins/biological molecules of different species, evolutionary relationships discovered
- what is an example of a protein that has changed due to evolution?Haemoglobin
- how has haemoglobin provided evidence for evolutionary relationships?
- structure of haemoglobin is very similar in different organisms
- eg between humans and chimps
- this indicates common ancestry
- how does the three domain system classify organisms?
- using differences in rRNA and
- the structure of lipids in the membrane and how they react to antibiotics
- what features of each of the three domains make them unique from each other?
- eukarya - 80s ribosomes
- archaea- 70s ribosomes
- bacteria - 70s ribosomes
- all have different numbers of proteins in RNA polymerase
- what is the difference between Woese's three domain system and the traditional five kingdom system?
- three domain- prokaryotae is split into archaebacteria and eubacteria
- there are six kingdoms therefore instead of the traditional five
- traditional five doesn't have three domains
- what makes archaea different from eubacteria?
- chemical make-up different from each other
- eubac contain peptidoglican in cell wall, not archaebac
- characteristics of arcaebac?
- prokaryotic
- live in extreme conditions
- characteristics of eubac?
- prokaryotic
- found in all enviros
- most bacteria are from this kingdom