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• What is the final cause in philosophy?

  The purpose for which a thing is made
• What did Greek philosophers seek to know about the creator?

  Whether there is a creator and its nature
• What were Greek philosophers interested in regarding essential attributes?

  The essential attributes of things
• What did Greek philosophers seek to know about the stuff of existence?

  The ultimate stuff from which all things were made
• What was the focus of Greek philosophers regarding the purpose of existence?

  To seek the purpose, if any, of existence
• What does the theoretical perspective in philosophy refer to?

  Ultimate theories about life and knowledge
• What is derived from ultimate theories in philosophy?

  Principles for all human endeavors
• What are the branches of philosophy?

  • Natural Philosophy
  • Metaphysics
  • Epistemology
  • Axiology
  • Logic
• What is natural philosophy?

  The study of nature through logical reasoning
• What philosophical school does natural philosophy base its study on?

  The philosophical school of realism of Aristotle
• What areas did Aristotle study under natural philosophy?

  Heavenly bodies, plants, and animals
• What was physics originally called?

  Physical philosophy
• What does metaphysics study?

  What lies beyond nature or the physical world
• What are the three categories of metaphysical issues?

  Cosmology, cosmogony, ontology
• What does epistemology study?

  The theory of knowledge
• What questions does epistemology raise?

  How do we know? What can we know?
• What is axiology concerned with?

  The theory of values
• What are the two areas of axiology?

  Ethics and aesthetics
• What does logic study?

  The rules governing human reasoning
• What is the speculative function of philosophy?

  Acquiring a transcendental world view
• What does the analytic function of philosophy clarify?

  Concepts of the sensory world
• What is the synthetic function of philosophy?

  Synthesizing compound ideas into universals
• What does the prescriptive function of philosophy provide?

  Principles for action and governance
• What is the relevance of the prescriptive function of philosophy?

  It generates principles for living and governance
• What are the basic concepts of philosophy?

  • Idealism
  • Realism
  • Naturalism
  • Pragmatism
  • Existentialism
  • Empiricism
  • Rationalism
• Who is the founder of idealism?

  Plato
• What does idealism claim about ultimate reality?

  Ultimate reality is idea and the mind
• What is Plato's allegory of the cave about?

  Humanity's perception of reality as shadows
• Who founded realism?

  Aristotle
• What does realism hold about matter?

  That matter is real and coexists with form
• Who is the founder of naturalism?

  Jean Jacques Rousseau
• What does naturalism claim about reality?

  Nature is the only and ultimate reality
• Who are the founders of pragmatism?

  Sanders Pierce, William James, John Dewey
• What does existentialism emphasize?

  Existence precedes essence
• What do empiricists claim about knowledge?

  All knowledge is a product of sense experience
• What do rationalists claim about knowledge?

  Knowledge is obtained through logico-mathematical reasoning
• What is the difference between empiricism and rationalism?

  Empiricism relies on experience, rationalism on reasoning
• What are the two major variants of the movement discussed?

  Theistic and atheistic versions
• Who are notable members of the discussed philosophical school?

  Jean Sartre and Martin Heidegger
• What does empiricism claim about knowledge?

  All knowledge is a product of sense experience