Photosynthesis

• What is the main process by which plants and algae make their own food?

  Photosynthesis
• What is the equation for photosynthesis?

  6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
• What is biomass in the context of plants and algae?

  The mass of living material
• How is energy transferred in the food chain involving plants?

  Energy in biomass is passed to animals
• Why are plants and algae important for life on Earth?

  They are the main food producers
• Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?

  Inside chloroplasts
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  Endothermic reaction
• What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

  It absorbs light energy
• What happens to water during photosynthesis?

  It is split into oxygen gas and hydrogen ions
• What is the first stage of photosynthesis?

  Energy splits water into oxygen and hydrogen
• What is the second stage of photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide combines with hydrogen ions
• How does light intensity affect photosynthesis?

  Photosynthesis increases with higher light intensity
• How does carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis?

  Photosynthesis increases with higher carbon dioxide concentration
• How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Photosynthesis increases with temperature, then slows
• What happens if the temperature gets too high during photosynthesis?

  Photosynthesis slows down and can stop
• What are the steps to investigate the rate of photosynthesis using pondweed?

  1. Set up the experiment with pondweed and water.
  2. Allow pondweed to photosynthesize for a set time.
  3. Collect oxygen in a capillary tube.
  4. Measure the length of the gas bubble.
  5. Calculate the rate of oxygen production.
  6. Repeat with different values for the factor being investigated.
  7. Keep other variables constant.
• What is used to measure the volume of oxygen produced in the experiment?

  A syringe and ruler
• What should be kept constant when investigating temperature's effect on photosynthesis?

  Light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration
• How can you investigate the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis?

  Move a lamp closer or further away
• How can you investigate the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on photosynthesis?

  Dissolve different amounts of sodium hydrogen-carbonate
• How can you investigate the effect of temperature on photosynthesis?

  Use water baths at different temperatures
• What is interphase in the cell cycle?

  The time when a cell is growing
• What are daughter cells?

  New cells produced from division
• What are the stages of the cell cycle during mitosis?

  1. Interphase: cell grows and prepares for division.
  2. Mitosis: cell divides into two daughter cells.
  3. Cytokinesis: division of the cytoplasm.
• How do you calculate the percentage of cells in each stage of the cell cycle?

  Number of cells in stage / Total cells
• Why might the number of cells in each stage of the cell cycle vary?

  Due to differences in growth rates