Magic Bullets

• Who found that germs cause disease?

  Pastor
• What did Pastor develop to prevent diseases?

  Vaccines for diseases like rabies
• What is a "Magic Bullet" in medicine?

  A chemical that kills germs without harming patients
• Who is the first key individual mentioned in developing modern medicines?

  Paul Ehrlich
• When was Paul Ehrlich born?

  1854
• What disease did Ehrlich examine as part of Cox's team?

  Diphtheria
• What did Ehrlich want to find to help antibodies?

  A chemical that attacked specific germs
• Who was the next significant individual after Ehrlich?

  Sahachiro Hatter
• What did Hatter retest in his research?

  Mixtures being tested as Magic Bullets
• What was the sixth chemical found by Hatter?

  Chemical 606
• What disease did Chemical 606 target?

  Syphilis
• What was the name of the new medicine developed from Chemical 606?

  Salverson 606
• What was a limitation of Salverson 606?

  It could be harmful if misused
• Who discovered Prontosil?

  Gerhard Domak
• What type of medicine is Prontosil?

  A sulfonamide antibiotic
• What infection did Prontosil help treat?

  Streptococcus infection
• What situation did Domak test Prontosil in?

  On his daughter who was ill
• What were some problems with sulfonamides?

  They caused liver damage and were ineffective
• What was the significant advancement in antibiotics mentioned?

  Development of penicillin
• What inspired Ehrlich and Hatter in their search for Magic Bullets?

  • Robert Cox's work
  • Use of dyes to bind microbes
  • Aim to kill specific diseases without harming patients
• What are the limitations of early Magic Bullet medicines like Salverson 606 and sulfonamides?

  • Salverson 606: Hard to administer, harmful if misused
  • Sulfonamides: Caused liver damage, ineffective against strong diseases
• What was the overall progress towards effective Magic Bullet medicines?

  • Limited progress observed
  • Continued search for more effective antibiotics
  • Future focus on penicillin